This paper is a tutorial introduction to field-programmable analog arrays, as well as a review of existing field-programmable analog array architectures, of both educational and industrial origin. Circuit issues relevant to the development of high-bandwidth FPAAs are presented. A current conveyor-based architecture, which promises to achieve video bandwidths, is described. Test results are presented for the CMOS current conveyor-based FPAA building block, with programmable transconductors and capacitors. Measurements indicate bandwidths in excess of 10 MHz, and functionality of amplifiers, integrators, differentiators, and adders. The die area is 1.5 mm× 3.5 mm in a 0.8 μm CMOS technology.
A CMOS continuous-time field programmable analog array
