Southern Pine Beetles in Central Hardwood Forests: Frequency, Spatial Extent, and Changes to Forest Structure

2016 ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Nowak ◽  
Kier D. Klepzig ◽  
David R. Coyle ◽  
William A. Carothers ◽  
Kamal J. K. Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Forest Structure ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Spatial Extent ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles

THREE METHODS OF SAMPLING MITES PHORETIC ON BARK BEETLES: A COMPARISON

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-494
Author(s):  
D.N. Kinn
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Emergence Traps ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles

AbstractWhen a few large trees are to be sampled, emergence traps provide more reliable counts of mites that are phoretic on southern pine beetles than either removal of bolts or removal of 100 cm2 bark discs. When a large sample from smaller trees is required, removal of bolts is preferable to removal of disc samples. Emergence traps or bolt samples are preferable to disc samples because: (1) fewer mites are lost during transportation and rearing; (2) mites are not left on the xylem; (3) fewer die from desiccation during rearing; and (4) fewer non-phoretic stages accumulate in the collecting medium.

Temporal Relationship Between Southern Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and Pinewood Nematode Infestations in Southern Pines

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Kinn ◽  
M. J. Linit
Keyword(s):  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles

The incidence of feeding scars of the cerambycid vectors of the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickel) on twigs of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf (Pinus echinata Mill.) pines in central Louisiana was determined. Feeding scars on twigs taken from pines felled at random were compared to those on twigs taken from pines adjacent to southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann) infestations. Additionally, the presence of pinewood nematode in trees attacked by southern pine beetle was followed through the course of beetle development. Significantly more cerambycid feeding scars were present on twigs of trees located near the advancing edge of a southern pine beetle infestation than on twigs not adjacent or near any known southern pine beetle infestation. From 82 to 100% of the trees sampled adjacent to bark beetle infestations had been fed upon by cerambycids. Pinewood nematodes were recovered from 79% of these trees. The incidence of nematodes in the boles of trees attacked by southern pine beetles increased as immature beetles entered their later instars. The highest incidence of nematodes was from trees recently vacated by southern pine beetles. Trees killed by the southern pine beetle may thus serve as reservoirs for the pinewood nematode and its cerambycid vectors and lead to the infestation of adjacent trees and facilitate subsequent SPB colonization.

Effects of Constant Temperature on Longevity of Adult Southern Pine Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Wagner ◽  
J. A. Gagne ◽  
P. J. H. Sharpe ◽  
R. N. Coulson
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles

Southern Pine Beetles

1966 ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDGAR W. CLARK ◽  
EBEN A. OSGOOD
Keyword(s):  
Southern Pine ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles

EFFECTS OF MYCANGIAL FUNGI ON GALLERY CONSTRUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF BLUESTAIN IN SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE-INFESTED PINE BOLTS

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Robert Bridges ◽  
Thelma J. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor

Southern pine beetles, Dentroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, treated to remove their mycangial fungi, were infected with Ceratocystis minor (Hedgcock) Hunt spores and placed in freshly-cut pine bolts. Galleries constructed by beetles without mycangial fungi were significantly shorter and contained significantly more bluestain than galleries constructed by beetles with mycangial fungi. It was concluded that southern pine beetle mycangial fungi limit the distribution of bluestain in southern pine beetle-infested trees. Inhibition of the spread of the bluestain fungus by mycangial fungi may be necessary for optimal beetle development.

Examination of Midgut Proteinases of the Adult Southern Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Coppedge ◽  
J. M. Jones ◽  
G. W. Felton ◽  
F. M. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles

The midgut of adult southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), contains digestive enzymes with optimal proteolytic activity in vitro near pH 7. General proteinase activity was significantly inhibited by serine and cysteine proteinase class inhibitors, while limited activation by cysteine proteinase class activators was apparent. These results indicate that both cysteine and serine proteinases are present in the adult midgut. The presence of both proteinase classes in adult southern pine beetles coincides with previous studies showing widespread occurrence of these two classes of proteinases as digestive enzymes in midguts of other coleopteran species, but represents one of few beetle species known to possess both proteinase classes simultaneously.

PHORETIC CARRYING CAPACITY OF FLYING SOUTHERN PINE BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (8) ◽  
pp. 807-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Moser
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles ◽  
Intended Destination

Mites do not have wings, but in their course of evolution many species have developed an association with insects, using them as a vehicle of distribution. Occasionally they cover the host so completely that the insect cannot fly. The literature is replete with these observations. Except for a single speculation (Fronk 1947), there are no reports as to how many mites Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman can support and still fly to its intended destination.

Evaluation of a Technique for Tagging Southern Pine Beetles with Selected Radionuclides123

1978 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-679
Author(s):  
J. F. Taylor ◽  
G. E. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Southern Pine ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles

PREDATORY BEHAVIOR OF THE CLERID BEETLE THANASIMUS DUBIUS (COLEOPTERA: CLERIDAE) ON THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Frazier ◽  
T. E. Nebeker ◽  
R. F. Mizell ◽  
W. H. Calvert
Keyword(s):  
Handling Time ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Thanasimus Dubius ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles

AbstractThe behavior of adults of clerid beetle Thanasimus dubius (F.) preying upon adult southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman, in an arena in the laboratory is described by classifying the acts according to their consequences. A sequence of five stereotyped acts is performed by the predator: either searching or ambush, seizure of prey, alignment of prey, consumption of prey, and grooming. Handling time by the predator consists of the sums of the durations of the four acts of seizure through grooming, which was not significantly different for male and female predators, but was significantly longer for male prey (13.81 min) than for female prey (10.49 min). Consumption of prey (8–9 min) is the major component of handling time. Predators searched or waited in ambush an average of 5.8 mm before seizing a prey, and captured prey with an efficiency of 72%. Blinding predators had no significant effect on their efficiency at capturing prey. Maxillary and labial palpectomy alone or in combination significantly reduced efficiency of capture, and reduced numbers of prey consumed.

High-resolution analysis of stem increment and sap flow for loblolly pine trees attacked by southern pine beetle

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2387-2393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan D Wullschleger ◽  
Samuel B McLaughlin ◽  
Matthew P Ayres
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles ◽  
Stem Increment

Manual and automated dendrometers, and thermal dissipation probes were used to measure stem increment and sap flow for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees attacked by southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.) in east Tennessee, USA. Seasonal-long measurements with manual dendrometers indicated linear increases in stem circumference from April through June. Changes in stem circumference slowed after this time, and further increases were either modest or not observed. These effects coincided with a massive midsummer infestation of trees with southern pine beetles. High-resolution measurements with automated dendrometers confirmed that, while early-season increases in radial increment were positive, daily rates of radial increment for slow- and fast-growing trees were largely negative in early to late July. Sap velocity also declined despite favorable weather conditions, but these reductions were not observed until mid-August. Thus, effects on radial increment and stem circumference preceded those on sap velocity by several weeks. The timing of these events, combined with the known developmental rate of southern pine beetles, suggest that disruption of whole-tree water balance is not a prerequisite for the success of attacking beetles or for oviposition by colonizing females and larval development, all of which were completed by early August. Additional field experiments that use high-resolution techniques to measure stem increment and sap flow are needed to more rigorously characterize temporal changes in host physiology during initial invasion and colonization of trees by southern pine beetle.

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