This chapter covers four congenital neurological disorders which may be encountered in adult medicine: cerebral palsy, Chiari malformations, spina bifida, and tethered cord syndromes. Cerebral palsy is a disturbance of motor function arising from damage to the developing fetal or infant brain. It usually refers to a disorder resulting from a non-progressive insult which occurred at less than 3 years of age. Chiari malformations are congenital abnormalities of the anatomy and structural relationships of the cerebellum, the brainstem, and the foramen magnum. Dysraphism is a failure of opposition of anatomical structures which are normally fused. Spinal dysraphism is synonymous with spina bifida, a failure of embryological fusion of the neural tube. In all types, the vertebral arch fails to completely form. The tethered cord syndromes involve a restriction of the normal cephalad migration of the conus during life. This can occur both with and without spina bifida.