The Meaning of a Labor Relationship and Identification of the Employee and the Employer

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Zengyi Xie
Keyword(s):  
Labor Relationship

Nexus of self-organization: the expansion of collective responsibility networks among boatmen in nineteenth-century Chongqing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Yiying Pan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Local State ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Regional Diversity ◽  
Labor Relationship ◽  
The City

Abstract This article investigates the collective responsibility organizations among boatmen in nineteenth-century Chongqing, when the city became one of the most important metropolises on the southwest Qing frontier. It also introduces two successive turning points in self-organization that were associated with two different classes of boatmen – skippers and sailors. First, in 1803, skippers gained the authority to institutionalize their organizations through their negotiations with the local state regarding official services and service fees. Second, when similar service and fiscal tensions emerged between skippers and sailors in the mid-nineteenth century, the skippers facilitated and supervised the institutionalization of collective responsibility organizations that were run by the sailors themselves. By contextualizing this expansion of collective responsibility organizations within the multilayered interactions between skippers and sailors, this article proposes that the perspective of interclass networks is crucial for deepening the study of state−society interactions, the capital−labor relationship, as well as the tension between imperial integration and regional diversity in early modern China.

Management Practices at Work Integration Social Enterprises (WISEs)

2019 ◽  
pp. 173-187
Author(s):  
Filip Majetić ◽  
Dražen Šimleša ◽  
Miroslav Rajter
Keyword(s):  
Staff Development ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Parent Organization ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Labor Relationship ◽  
Work Integration

This chapter explores management practices at work integration social enterprises (WISEs) in Croatia. WISEs are conceptualized as social mission-oriented organizations whose: 1) (financial) self-sustainability depends on success in conducting continuous commercial activities and 2) social mission is to (better) integrate vulnerable groups into the labor market (e.g., disabled people). The final sample included 23 organizations. The data was collected through in-depth interviews. The interviewees were selected purposively and included one highly ranked executive (director, owner, CEO, etc.) per each organization. The analysis revealed the following fields of management practices as the most significant: generation of business ideas, unique selling points, employee autonomy and decision-making process, division of labor, relationship with the “parent organization,” sources of funding, human resource configuration, staff development activities, and networking.

Rules, Contract, and Institution in the Wage-Labor Relationship: A Return to Institutionalism?

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1137-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Bazzoli ◽  
Thierry Kirat ◽  
Marie-Claire Villeval
Keyword(s):  
Wage Labor ◽  
Labor Relationship

scholarly journals Endogenous Economic Growth: The Arrow-Romer Theory and a Test on Vietnamese Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Constant Elasticity ◽  
Constant Elasticity Of Substitution ◽  
Endogenous Growth Theory ◽  
Labor Relationship ◽  
Elasticity Of Factor Substitution

The Arrow-Romer growth model helped to overcome the main drawback of the Solow-Swan model, where technical change is created exogenously, not by the firms making decisions, and formulated the conditions for endogenous growth in an economy. Nonetheless, the presentation of the Arrow-Romer model and corresponding empirical studies by the Cobb-Douglas functions hides the role of the capital-labor relationship for economic growth. A constant elasticity of substitution (CES) function, constructed by Arrow et al. (1961), allows solving this problem. So, the purpose of the current research is to test the endogenous growth of the Vietnamese economy, which has experienced a more than 30-year market-oriented reform through specifying an aggregate CES function. By applying Bayesian nonlinear regression, the research results revealed the elasticity of factor substitution (ES) lower than one. This work theoretically and empirically contributes to the endogenous growth theory in problems concerned with emerging economies. Investments in physical and human capital and technological progress are the determinants of endogenous growth. From the findings obtained, the author concludes that even though having achieved a rather impressive growth rate over more than three decades, the Vietnamese economy has not yet generated the possibility of endogenous growth, and suggests that endogenous growth can be hardly generated in emerging economies like Vietnam if important growth policies related to accumulation of physical and human capital as well as enhancement of R&D activities are not simultaneously implemented. It is indispensable to focus on substantially improving institutional quality.

scholarly journals ECONOMÍA COLABORATIVA, SUBORDINACIÓN ECONÓMICA Y EL PUESTO DE TRABAJO DEL FUTURO

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
WILLY MONZÓN ZEVALLOS
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Work ◽  
Informal Work ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Global Workforce ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Labor Relationship ◽  
The Right ◽  
Economy System

La prestación de servicios a través de plataformas digitales evidencia nuevas formas de trabajo atípicas, descentralizadas y flexibles en un sistema de economía colaborativa bajo subordinación económica, que no se enmarcan en el concepto tradicional de trabajo objeto de protección del derecho laboral; como la tecnología modificó la actividad productiva a partir de un cambio económico y social, resulta necesario evaluar si se requiere una nuevaregulación que permita la adaptación del derecho del trabajo a esta realidad compleja; para la OIT, no queda claro, qué fracción de la fuerza de trabajo mundial acabará representando el trabajo virtual y no se sabe si estas formas de trabajo acabarán entrando en la esfera de la relación laboral, si se convertirán en nuevos tipos de trabajo informal o si no podrán encajar en los marcos normativos existentes; ante ello, es necesario analizar cuál sería la forma de protección a otorgar a los prestadores de servicios en un sistema de economía colaborativa subordinados económicamente y si ello, implicaría modificar sustancialmente el concepto clásico del derecho del trabajo en el futuro.   The provision of services through digital platforms, demonstrates new atypical, decentralized and flexible forms of work in a collaborative economy system under economic subordination, which are not framed in the traditional concept of work subject to labor law protection; as technology modified the productive activity from an economic and social change, it is necessary to evaluate whether a new regulation is required that allows the adaptationof the right to work to this complex reality; for the ILO, it is not clear that fraction of the global workforce will end up representing virtual work and it is not known whether these forms of work will end up entering the sphere of the labor relationship, if they will become new types of informal work or if they cannot fit into existing regulatory frameworks; given this, it is necessary.

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