Astronomy and the General Public: A Historical Perspective

Sentencing Reforms in Historical Perspective

Crime & Delinquency ◽

10.1177/001112878302900409 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 631-647 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

David J. Rothman

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Criminal Justice ◽

General Public ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

Sentencing Reform ◽

History Of ◽

Sentencing Reforms ◽

Analysis Of Change ◽

The Impact ◽

Near Future

It is the purpose of this essay not only to trace the series of stages that sentencing practices have moved through in this country since the beginning of the nineteenth century but to analyze the elements fostering change. The discussion will open with a chronological presentation of the history of sentencing and then move to explore several substantive themes that emerge from this history. It appears that sentencing procedures have traditionally been called upon to bear too heavy a burden in criminal justice. Sentencing reform has tended to minimize the impact of informal mechanisms upon actual practice. It may also be that the search for mathematical precision in sentencing is a symptom of the almost overwhelming current confusion about the purposes of sentencing. The analysis of change presented here argues too that the general public appears to have exerted little influence upon the adoption or revision of sentencing procedures. Finally, there is some reason to anticipate that the determinate sentence movement will not take firm hold in the near future, that it will not replace the Progressive indeterminate sentencing procedures.

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WORK AND GLOBALIZATION

Polityka Społeczna ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.5795 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1 (ang)) ◽

pp. 8-16

Author(s):

WITOLD MORAWSKI

Keyword(s):

Middle Class ◽

General Public ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

16Th Century ◽

Neoliberal Globalization ◽

Scientific Revolutions ◽

Work Area ◽

The World ◽

Different Parts

This paper aims at analysing some aspects of work and globalization from historical perspective with an intention to better understand neoliberal globalization challenges of the last 30–40 years. The trade globalization, which united the world in the 16th century, was followed by the industrial globalization with decisive transformation of the work area, for instance, marginalizing the agriculture. The post-1945 globalization is more complex, although based on technological-scientific revolutions, it is characterized by other important dimensions: geopolitical, economic (financial), socio-cultural, environmental, and some of them have disturbing consequences for the work area. Among them I discuss the President Trump’s rejection of neoliberal globalization, which resulted in the “export” of millions of jobs from USA to China, the collapse of the middle class and populist reactions of the general public and in the world of politics. Meanwhile the work area is full of uncertainty, but the situation is different in different parts of the world.

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