Background: There is no consensus in the foot and ankle literature regarding how to measure pronation of the first metatarsal in patients with hallux valgus. The primary purpose of this study was to compare 2 previously published methods for measuring pronation of the first metatarsal and a novel 3-dimensional measurement of pronation to determine if different measurements of pronation are associated with each other. Methods: Thirty patients who underwent a modified Lapidus procedure for their hallux valgus deformity were included in this study. Pronation of the first metatarsal was measured on weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) scans using the α angle with reference to the floor, a 3-dimensional computer-aided design (3D CAD) calculation with reference to the second metatarsal, and a novel method, called the triplanar angle of pronation (TAP), that included references to both the floor (floor TAP) and base of the second metatarsal (second TAP). Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to determine if the 3 calculated angles of pronation correlated to each other. Results: Preoperative and postoperative α angle and 3D CAD had no correlation with each other ( r = 0.094, P = .626 and r = 0.076, P = .694, respectively). Preoperative and postoperative second TAP and 3D CAD also had no correlation ( r = 0.095, P = .624 and r = 0.320, P = .09, respectively). However, preoperative and postoperative floor TAP and α angle were found to have moderate correlations ( r = 0.595, P = .001 and r = 0.501, P = .005, respectively). Conclusion: The calculation of first metatarsal pronation is affected by the reference and technique used, and further work is needed to establish a consistent measurement for the foot and ankle community. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Validity of Two-Dimensional Static Footprint in Medial Longitudinal Arch Evaluation and the Characteristics of Athletes’ Footprints
