scholarly journals Validity of Two-Dimensional Static Footprint in Medial Longitudinal Arch Evaluation and the Characteristics of Athletes’ Footprints

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingli Zhang ◽  
Dali Yu ◽  
Le Lei ◽  
Yuanwu Gao ◽  
Junjie Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Metatarsal Angle ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to explore the validity of two-dimensional static footprint analysis in medial longitudinal arch evaluation as well as the characteristics of athletes’ footprints to provide a basis for the evaluation and selection of athletes.MethodsExperiment One: Twenty-nine high level athletes (runners and jumpers) and forty normal college students were selected. Based on the X-ray photos taken of the medial foot, we measured the calcaneal inclination angle, the calcaneal–first metatarsal angle and the ratio of height to length of the medial longitudinal arch. We collected indicators of two-dimensional static footprints. Experiment Two: 106 high level athletes (runners and jumpers) and 104 normal college students were selected. We also collected indicators of two-dimensional static footprints.ResultsThe average measuring the Interclass Correlation Efficient (ICC) of calcaneal inclination angle, calcaneal–first metatarsal angle, the ratio of height to length of the medial longitudinal arch, the width of ball, arch and heel, the length of footprint and each toe, Chippaux-Smirak Index (CSI) and Staheli Index (SAI) were higher than 0.800. Regardless of athletes or college students, male or female, the correlation between CSI, SAI and calcaneal inclination angle, calcaneal–first metatarsal angle, the ratio of height to length of the medial longitudinal arch was statistically significant (P<0.05). College students’ CSI of the right foot is significantly higher than that of the left foot regardless of gender (P<0.05).ConclusionsWe prove the qualification of CSI and SAI in medial longitudinal arch evaluation and explain that the relative height of medial longitudinal arch is an important indicator in track and field.

Effect of Proximal Dome and Distal Chevron Osteotomies on Plantar Pressures and Radiographic and Functional Outcomes in Hallux Valgus Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadir Ilker Yildiz ◽  
Abdulhamit Misir ◽  
Turan Bilge Kizkapan ◽  
Mustafa Cukurlu ◽  
Canan Gonen Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
Pressure Point ◽  
Radiographic Outcomes ◽  
Metatarsal Angle ◽  
Dome Osteotomy ◽  
Pressure Changes

Background No detailed comparative studies have been performed regarding plantar pressure changes between proximal dome and distal chevron osteotomies. This study aimed to compare radiographic and plantar pressure changes after distal chevron and proximal dome osteotomies and to investigate the effect of radiographic and plantar pressure changes on clinical outcomes. Methods This study included 26 and 22 patients who underwent distal chevron and proximal dome osteotomies, respectively. Visual analog scale (VAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) forefoot scores were used to evaluate pain and functional outcomes. Hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle, talar–first metatarsal angle, and calcaneal inclination angle were measured in the evaluation of radiographic outcomes. Preoperative and postoperative plantar pressure changes were evaluated. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in age, body mass index, or AOFAS forefoot and VAS scores. In the proximal dome group, the pressure measurement showed significant lateralization of the maximal anterior pressure point in the forefoot (P &lt; .001). In addition, the postoperative calcaneal inclination angle was significantly lower (P = .004) and the talar–first metatarsal angle was significantly higher (P &lt; .001) in the proximal dome group. Postoperative transfer metatarsalgia was observed in one patient (3.8%) in the distal chevron group and five (22.7%) in the proximal dome group (P &lt; .05). Conclusions Proximal dome osteotomy led to more lateralization of the maximum anterior pressure point, decreased calcaneal inclination angle and first metatarsal elevation, and related higher transfer metatarsalgia.

Reliability and Relevance of Radiographic Measures of Metatarsus Primus Elevatus and Arch Alignment in Individuals with Midfoot Arthritis and Controls

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Rao ◽  
Katie Bell
Keyword(s):  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Arch Height ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Metatarsal Angle ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Low arch alignment and metatarsus primus elevatus (MPE) have been postulated to increase dorsal compressive stresses in the joints of the medial column of the foot and to contribute to the development of degenerative changes. The primary purposes of this study were 1) to examine the relationship between radiographic measures of arch alignment and MPE and 2) to assess arch alignment and MPE in individuals with midfoot arthritis and in asymptomatic controls. The secondary aim was to examine the reliability of radiographic measures of arch alignment and MPE. Methods: Radiographic measures of arch height and MPE were quantified on 28 individuals with midfoot arthritis and 22 individuals in a control group. Reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The Pearson product moment correlation (r) was used to assess the relationship between arch alignment and MPE. Between-group differences were assessed using a two-sample t test (α = 0.05). Results: Good to excellent reliability was noted for measures of arch height (ICC[2,3] = 0.919–0.994) as well as MPE (ICC[2,3] = 0.891–0.882). A modest positive association was noted between normalized cortical elevation and normalized navicular height (r = 0.274, P = .030) and calcaneal inclination angle (r = 0.263, P = .035). Individuals with midfoot arthritis demonstrated lower arch alignment, reflected in a significantly higher calcaneal–first metatarsal angle (P = .002), lower calcaneal inclination angle (P = .004), and lower normalized navicular height (P &lt; .001) compared with controls. No evidence was found to support between-group differences in lateral intermetatarsal angle (P = .495) and normalized cortical elevation (P = .146). Conclusions: These findings provide objective data establishing the reliability of measures of MPE and arch alignment and their potential clinical significance. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 103(5): 347–354, 2013)

scholarly journals Roentgenographs Study of Cavus Foot Deformity in Friedreich Ataxia Patients: Preliminary Report

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Allard ◽  
J.P. Sirois ◽  
P.S. Thiry ◽  
G. Geoffroy ◽  
M. Duhaime
Keyword(s):  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Friedreich Ataxia ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Foot Deformity ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
Metatarsal Angle ◽  
Cavus Foot ◽  
Three Stages

SUMMARY:The preliminary results based on a three year retrospective study in cavus foot deformity of forty-four Friedreich ataxia patients regularly seen at the Neuromuscular Disease Clinic of Sainte-Justine Hospital have been presented. An accurate “weight-bearing” foot stereoradiographic technique has been recently developed by our group. Since the follow-up period with this device is not sufficient to provide statistical information, the conventional non-weight bearing technique has been utilized in this study to enable a possible comparison between the radiographs of ambulant and non-ambulant patients. Due to the present technique, the results of this study must be interpreted with caution.For 132 pairs of radiographs, 28 parameters have been analyzed. Four of these, namely the calcaneal inclination angle, the first metatarsal inclination angle, the inferior cortex of calcaneus-first metatarsal angle and the first-fifth metatarsals angle, were of particular interest. From these parameters, a preliminary quantitative description of cavus foot deformity in Friedreich’s ataxia has been attempted. Three stages of evolution have been tentatively identified for this type of neurological disorder.

Does the Application of a Semiocclusive Dressing Alter the Microflora of Healthy Intact Skin on the Foot?

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Forss ◽  
Zoe Hugman ◽  
Kelly Ridlington ◽  
Marissa Radley ◽  
Emma Henry-Toledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healing Process ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Intact Skin ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
The Right ◽  
Semiocclusive Dressing

Background The skin on human feet presents unique environments for the proliferation of potentially pathogenic commensals. This study examined microflora changes on healthy intact skin under a semiocclusive dressing on the medial longitudinal arch of the foot to determine changes in growth, distribution, and frequency of microflora under the dressing. Methods Nine human participants wore a low-adherent, absorbent, semiocclusive dressing on the medial longitudinal arch of the left foot for 2 weeks. An identical location on the right foot was swabbed and used as a control. Each foot was swabbed at baseline, week 1, and week 2. The swabs were cultured for 48 hours. Visual identification, Gram staining, DNase test agar, and a latex slide agglutination test were used to identify genera and species. Results Microflora growth was categorized as scant (0–10 colony-forming units [CFU]), light (11–50 CFU), moderate (51–100 CFU), or heavy (&gt;100 CFU). Scant and light growth decreased and moderate and heavy growth increased under the dressing compared with the control. Seven different genera of bacteria were identified. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp appeared most frequently, followed by Corynebacterium spp. Conclusions Changes in microflora distribution, frequency, and growth were found under the dressing, supporting historical studies. Microflora changes were identified as an increase in bioburden and reduction in diversity. The application of similar methods, using more sophisticated identification and analysis techniques and a variety of dressings, could lead to a better understanding of bacterial and fungal growth under dressings, informing better dressing selection to assist the healing process of wounds and prevent infection.

scholarly journals Brostrom-Like Procedure Augmented with Swivelock Internal Brace for the Reconstruction of Chronic Medial Ankle Ligament Complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011419S0043
Author(s):  
Bibo Wang ◽  
Xu Xiangyang
Keyword(s):  
X Rays ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Ankle Ligaments ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
Direct Repair ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Metatarsal Angle ◽  
Ankle Ligament ◽  
Internal Brace ◽  
Medial Ankle Ligaments

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: The medial ligaments and joint capsules appear to stretch or rupture under the increasing stress following a tear of the PTT in patients with flat foot often leading to pain, swelling and dysfunctional foot. This study assesses the efficacy of a Brostrom like procedure augmented with Swivelock Internal Brace for the reconstruction of chronic medial ankle ligament complex. Methods: A retrospective study was performed reviewing 15 flat foot patients who presented with pronounced hindfoot pronation collapse of the medial longitudinal arch after injury. The procedures included exploration and direct repair of PTT, deltoid ligament and spring ligament. Our modification included Swivelock Internal Brace enhanced reconstruction of deltoid and spring ligaments, after calcaneal medializing osteotomy. Other additional procedures such as FDL transfer, subtalar arthroereisis and Cotton osteotomy were performed as needed (Fig.1). Weight bearing X-rays of the foot, AOFAS-AH and SF36 scoring were taken before and after surgery. Results: There were 8 males and 7 females among the 15 patients. The age was 29.8±10.1 years old. The follow-up time period was 32.6±11.4 months. Both the AOFAS-AH (52.8±15.2 to 90.4±7.5 and SF-36 (55.4±12.6 to 91.2±6.3 scores improved significantly (p<0.001). Comparing preoperative to postoperative standing radiographs, there was significant improvement in the AP talar first metatarsal angle (25.6±18.4 to 9.5±7.8 degrees（P<0.001), lateral talar first metatarsal angle (18.3±8.4 to +2.6±4.5 degrees（P<0.001）and moment arm on the Saltzman view (+15.2mm±10.8 to +2.5±3.6mm（P=0.003） (Fig.2). No recurrence of pronation deformity or foot arch collapse was observed after surgery. Conclusion: The medial ankle ligaments were attenuated and under the increasing stress following a tear of the PTT in patients of flat foot. Direct repair of the ligaments after rupture usually resulted in low strength and high recurrence. Simultaneous reconstruction of medial ankle ligaments with Swivelock internal brace maintained long term medial ankle stability and the longitudinal arch. This technique protects the repaired tendon and decreased the need for FDL transfer, potentially permitted earlier rehabilitation and improved function compared to traditional techniques.

scholarly journals Anomalous plantar intrinsic foot muscle attaching to the medial longitudinal arch: possible mechanism for medial nerve entrapment: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Claire Aland ◽  
Alana C. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Nerve Entrapment ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Spring Ligament ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Plantar Aspect ◽  
Tendon Insertion ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intrinsic Foot Muscle ◽  
Medial Nerve

Abstract Background Muscular variations are potentially symptomatic and may complicate imaging interpretation. Intrinsic foot musculature and extrinsic tendon insertion variations are common. Distinct supernumerary muscles are rare. We report a novel anomalous intrinsic foot muscle on the medial longitudinal arch. Case presentation An accessory muscle was encountered on the medial arch of the right foot of a 78-year-old white male cadaver, between layers two and three of the foot intrinsics. It did not appear to be a slip or variant of a known foot muscle. This muscle consisted of two slips that ran transversely on the plantar aspect of the medial arch, crossing the medial transverse tarsal joint and attaching to the tuberosity of the navicular, the short and long plantar ligaments, and spring ligament. Conclusions The medial plantar vessels and nerve passed from deep to superficial between the two slips, and this suggests a possible location for medial nerve entrapment.

Effect of Obesity Level on the Longitudinal Arch in 7- to 12-Year-Old Rural and Urban Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 484-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Woźniacka ◽  
Aneta Bac ◽  
Stanisław Matusik
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
Free Body ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All

Background We sought to evaluate the influence of obesity level on the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) of the foot in 7- to 12-year-old children. Methods The study group consisted of 925 children (450 girls and 475 boys). All of the children were subjected to podoscopic foot examination and measurement of weight, height, three skinfolds, fat weight, and fat-free body weight. Results The most common type of MLA was high-arched foot, which was observed in the left foot of 523 children (56.5%) and in the right foot in 592 children (64%). In almost all of the age groups, high-arched foot was the most common disorder. High-arched foot was more common in girls than in boys, and boys displayed a higher percentage of flatfoot. Also, sex-related differences were more prominent in urban children. There was a strongly positive correlation between obesity level and MLA in the examined group. Conclusions These results suggest that the type of foot arch is influenced by parameters such as age, sex, and obesity level. High-arched foot seemed to be the most frequent pathologic abnormality in the examined group, and flatfoot, which was predominant in boys and obese children, diminished with age. High-arched foot was a more common MLA type than flatfoot regardless of obesity level assessed on the basis of body mass index and sum of three skinfolds.

Medial Longitudinal Arch Angle Presents Significant Differences Between Foot Types: A Biplane Fluoroscopy Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. R. Balsdon ◽  
Kristen M. Bushey ◽  
Colin E. Dombroski ◽  
Marie-Eve LeBel ◽  
Thomas R. Jenkyn
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Pes Cavus ◽  
Pes Planus ◽  
Foot Bones ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Metatarsal Angle ◽  
Foot Model ◽  
Biplane Fluoroscopy

Abstract The structure of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) affects the foot's overall function and its ability to dissipate plantar pressure forces. Previous research on the MLA includes measuring the calcaneal–first metatarsal angle using a static sagittal plane radiograph, a dynamic height-to-length ratio using marker clusters with a multisegment foot model, and a contained angle using single point markers with a multisegment foot model. The objective of this study was to use biplane fluoroscopy to measure a contained MLA angle between foot types: pes planus (low arch), pes cavus (high arch), and normal arch. Fifteen participants completed the study, five from each foot type. Markerless fluoroscopic radiostereometric analysis (fRSA) was used with a three-dimensional model of the foot bones and manually matching those bones to a pair of two-dimensional radiographic images during midstance of gait. Statistically significant differences were found between barefoot arch angles of the normal and pes cavus foot types (p = 0.036), as well as between the pes cavus and pes planus foot types (p = 0.004). Dynamic walking also resulted in a statistically significant finding compared to the static standing trials (p = 0.014). These results support the classification of individuals following a physical assessment by a foot specialist for those with pes cavus and planus foot types. The differences between static and dynamic kinematic measurements were also supported using this novel method.

Hallux valgus, first metatarsal pronation and collapse of the medial longitudinal arch ? a radiological correlation

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eustace ◽  
J.O. Byrne ◽  
O. Beausang ◽  
M. Codd ◽  
J. Stack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
Longitudinal Arch

Why victimized by peers promotes cyberbullying in college students? Testing a moderated mediation model in a three-wave longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chen Zhang ◽  
Lin-Xin Wang ◽  
Kai Dou ◽  
Yue Liang
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Online Bullying ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
High Level

Cyberbullying is a major youth social problem over the world and it has been associated with a variety of negative outcomes. However, few studies investigated how offline peer victimization affect cyberbullying and the potential relations between family factors and cyberbullying remains unknown. The current study addresses this gap in knowledge by examining the victimized by peers is associated with higher moral disengagement which further promotes college student’s bullying online. A three-wave longitudinal study, each wave spanning six months apart, was conducted in a sample of 521 Chinese college students (Mage = 22.45, SD = 4.44, 59.3% girls). Results of moderated mediation model shown that peer victimization at T1 predicted more cyberbullying at T3 through moral disengagement at T2, after controlling for demographic variables and cyberbullying at T1. T2 moral disengagement significantly mediating the association between T1 peer victimization and T3 cyberbullying. In addition, high level of negative parenting strengthened the effect of moral disengagement at T2 on cyberbullying at T3. The prevention and intervention for both offline and online bullying victimization are discussed.

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