Dendrite bundles in lamina II/III of the rabbit neocortex

1986 ◽  
Vol 173 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cordula Schmolke ◽  
Christoph Viebahn

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. IJkema-Paassen ◽  
A. Gramsbergen

Control of posture is a prerequisite for efficient motor performance. Posture depends on muscles capable of enduring contractions, whereas movements often require quick, forceful muscle actions. To serve these different goals, muscles contain fibers that meet these different tasks. Muscles with strong postural functions mainly consist of slow muscle fibers with a great resistance against fatigue. Flexor muscles in the leg and arm muscles are mainly composed of fast muscle fibers producing relatively large forces that are rapidly fatigable. Development of the neuromuscular system continues after birth. We discuss in the human baby and in animal experiments changes in muscle fiber properties, regression from polyneural into mononeural innervation, and developmental changes in the motoneurons of postural muscles during that period. The regression of poly-neural innervation in postural muscles and the development of dendrite bundles of their motoneurons seem to be linked to the transition from the immature into the adult-like patterns of moving and postural control.



1974 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madge E. Scheibel ◽  
Thomas L. Davies ◽  
Robert D. Lindsay ◽  
Arnold B. Scheibel


1976 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Anderson ◽  
Melvin W. Stromberg ◽  
Edward J. Hinsman


1996 ◽  
Vol 209 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Feuerstein ◽  
Holger Hüring ◽  
Vera van Velthoven ◽  
Carl H. Lücking ◽  
G.Bernhard Landwehrmeyer
Keyword(s):  




1973 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madge E. Scheibel ◽  
Arnold B. Scheibel
Keyword(s):  


2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hildegard C. Geisler ◽  
Jos IJkema-Paassen ◽  
Johan Westerga ◽  
Albert Gramsbergen

Motoneuronal pools of muscles that subserve postural tasks contain dendrite bundles. We investigated in the rat the development of these bundles in the pools of the long back muscles and related this to postural development. Motoneurons and their dendrites were retrogradely labeled by injecting unconjugated cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) into the muscles of 54 normal rats from birth until adulthood and into 18 rats that were vestibularly deprived from the 5th postnatal day (P5). Dendrite bundles coursing in a transverse direction already occurred at P1. From P4, the first longitudinal bundles could be observed, but the major spurt in development occurred between P6 and P9, when conspicuous bundles developed coursing in rostro-caudal and tranverse directions. This is the age when rats become able to stand freely and walk a few steps. Around P20, the dendrite bundles attained their adult characteristics. Vestibular deprivation by plugging both semicircular horizontal canals did not lead to a retarded development of dendrite bundles nor to a changed morphology. This finding is remarkable, as behavioral analysis showed a delay in postural development by about 3 days. We hypothesize that dendrite bundles in the pools of the long back muscles function to synchronize the motoneurons in different spinal cord segments.



1971 ◽  
Vol 171 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray A. Matthews ◽  
William D. Willis ◽  
Vick Williams
Keyword(s):  




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