Dynamic reorganization of the central program of precision instrumental movements in cats

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-147
Author(s):  
B. M. Sidorov
Keyword(s):  
Central Program

The central program of activation of hind-limb muscles during scratching in cats

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Baev
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Central Program ◽  
Limb Muscles

Central program for scratch reflex in turtle

1980 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. G. Stein ◽  
Margaret L. Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Central Program

scholarly journals A Survey of Spectral Features in ISO SWS Spectra of AGNs

1997 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 337-338
Author(s):  
E. Sturm ◽  
D. Lutz ◽  
R. Genzel
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectral Range ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Infrared Galaxies ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Mid Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Central Program ◽  
Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy ◽  
Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies

Various AGNs, starburst galaxies, and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) are observed as part of the ISO-SWS central program of mid-infrared spectroscopy on bright galactic nuclei. Prototypical template sources are scanned over the full spectral range of SWS (2.5–45µm) in order to get a complete census of spectral features in this wavelength domain. As an example we present the spectrum of the Seyfert 2 galaxy Circinus. The application of results from this survey to the study of the nature and evolution of other galaxies can be demonstrated by an analysis of the ultraluminous infrared galaxy Arp 220.

scholarly journals THE CENTRAL PROGRAM OF THE 1972 AAAS ANNUAL MEETING

Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 178 (4063) ◽  
pp. 886-914
Keyword(s):  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Central Program

Command neurons or central program controlling system?

1978 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sten Grillner
Keyword(s):  
Command Neurons ◽  
Central Program ◽  
Controlling System

Inking in Aplysia californica. III. Two different synaptic conductance mechanisms for triggering central program for inking

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Carew ◽  
E. R. Kandel
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Temporal Summation ◽  
Aplysia Californica ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Synaptic Current ◽  
Central Program ◽  
Motor Cells ◽  
Specific Membrane

1. In the previous two papers we described the motor elements which mediate all-or-none inking behavior in Aplysia (4) and the contribution of specific membrane properties of the ink-gland motor cells to the central program for inking (5). In the present paper we show that the central program for inking (a characteristic accelerating burst of action potentials in the motor cells) can be triggered in two different ways: 1) by means of a suprathreshold stimulus delivered to a single site on the animal; and 2) by means of two subthreshold stimuli closely spaced in time, delivered either to the same or to different sites on the animal. 2. The single suprathreshold stimulus triggers the central program primarily by means of a complex increased-conductance EPSP. The two subthreshold stimuli trigger the program by means of a complex decreased-conductance EPSP which is capable of augmenting subsequent afferent synaptic input. 3. The synaptic augmentation produced by the decreased-conductance EPSP is attributable to two properties of the EPSP: 1) it increases the input resistance of the ink-gland motor cells so that the synaptic current from afferent input onto the cells produces larger, more effective EPSP's; and 2) it increases the electrotonic coupling among the motor cells, thereby producing increased positive feedback among them. Thus, the decreased-conductance EPSP provides a novel mechanism for spatial and temporal summation.

Central program of hind limb interaction during locomotion in cats

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-427
Author(s):  
K. V. Baev ◽  
T. V. Zavadskaya
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Central Program

Evidence for pattern generator control of the effects of spindle afferent input during rhythmical jaw movements

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis J. Goldberg ◽  
Scott H. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Digastric Muscle ◽  
Rhythmic Movements ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Central Program ◽  
Afferent Fibers ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Passive Stretch ◽  
Opening Phase

The following recordings were made during spontaneous rhythmic jaw movements in the anesthetized guinea pig: jaw movement in the vertical plane, electromyograms from the digastric muscle (a jaw opener), and intracellular recordings from motoneurons and spindle afferent fibers of the jaw-closer muscles.The rapid jaw-opening phase of these rhythmic movements is characterized by a marked increase in activity in the spindle afferent fibers of the jaw-closer muscles and a coincident pronounced hyperpolarization of the membranes of the jaw-closer motoneurons.It is proposed that the excitatory spindle afferent input evoked by passive stretch of the jaw-closer muscles resulting from a centrally programmed contraction of the jaw-opener muscles impinges upon closer motoneurons that have been hyperpolarized as part of the central program. The hyperpolarization inhibits the motoneurons and nullifies the effect of the spindle afferent input thereby assuring relaxation of the closer muscles and an unimpeded rapid jaw-opening movement.

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