Vacuum polarization potential in muonic atoms and ?(Z?)3 correction to energy level shifts

1978 ◽  
Vol 284 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Calmet ◽  
D. A. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Vacuum Polarization ◽  
Polarization Potential ◽  
Muonic Atoms ◽  
Level Shifts

Test of electron screening and vacuum polarization in heavy muonic atoms

1976 ◽  
Vol 278 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Vuilleumier ◽  
W. Dey ◽  
R. Engfer ◽  
H. Schneuwly ◽  
H. K. Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Polarization ◽  
Electron Screening ◽  
Muonic Atoms

Measurements of the Vacuum Polarization in Muonic Atoms

1970 ◽  
pp. 675-676
Author(s):  
G. Backenstoss ◽  
S. Charalambus ◽  
H. Daniel ◽  
H. Koch ◽  
Ch. v.d. Malsburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Polarization ◽  
Muonic Atoms

Higher-Order Vacuum Polarization Corrections in Muonic Atoms

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Sundaresan ◽  
P. J. S. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Polarization ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Muonic Atoms

The Vacuum Polarization Correction in Muonic Atoms

1975 ◽  
pp. 191-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Engfer ◽  
J. L. Vuilleumier ◽  
E. Borie
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Polarization ◽  
Muonic Atoms ◽  
Polarization Correction

scholarly journals Air-Exposure Induced Dopant Redistribution and Energy Level Shifts in Spin-Coated Spiro-MeOTAD Films

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 562-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafer Hawash ◽  
Luis K. Ono ◽  
Sonia R. Raga ◽  
Michael V. Lee ◽  
Yabing Qi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Level Shifts ◽  
Dopant Redistribution

Energy Level Alignment at the Metal/Alq3 Interfaces Investigated with Photoemission Methods

2000 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yan ◽  
C.W. Tang ◽  
M. G. Mason ◽  
Yongli Gao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Electron Injection ◽  
Core Level ◽  
Material Research ◽  
Level Shifts ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Injection Materials

ABSTRACTTris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) based organic light emission diodes (OLED) have been a focus of material research in recent years. One of the key issues in searching for a better device performance and fabricating conditions is suitable electron-injection materials. We have investigated the energy alignment and the interface formation between different metals and Alq3 using X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS). The interface is formed by depositing the target cathode material, such as Ca, Al or Al/LiF, onto an Alq3 film in a stepwise fashion in an ultrahigh vacuum environment. While the UPS results show the work function and vacuum level changes during interfaces formation, implying a possible surface dipole layer, XPS results show a more detailed and complex behavior. When a low work function metal such as Ca is deposited onto an Alq3 surface, a gap state is observed in UPS. At the same time, a new peak can be observed in the N 1s core level at a lower binding energy. These results can be characterized as charge transfer from the low work function metal to Alq3. The shifting of core levels are also observed, which may be explained by doping from metal atoms or charge diffusion. These interfaces are drastically different than the Al/Alq3 interface, which has very poor electron injection. At the Al/Alq3 interface there is a destructive chemical reaction and much smaller core level shifts are observed. Based on detailed analysis, energy level diagrams at the interface are proposed.

Role of energy-level shifts on Auger neutralization processes: A calculation beyond the image potential

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 7385-7390 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. More ◽  
J. Merino ◽  
R. Monreal ◽  
P. Pou ◽  
F. Flores
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Level Shifts
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