An upper bound onR(s) in massive-quark models from general properties of diffraction

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 702-704
Author(s):  
P. Gensini
1991 ◽  
Vol 06 (23) ◽  
pp. 2087-2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANNQUE RHO

Massive-quark baryons containing one or more charm (c) or bottom (b) quarks are described as massive scalar doublet fields "wrapped" by the soliton of the light (up and down) flavors. The spin-isospin transmutation that takes place to make the trapped scalar behave like heavy-flavored quarks is analogous to what happens to a scalar doublet in the presence of a 't Hooft–Polyakov monopole. The Wess–Zumino term plays a pivotal role here. This model predicts spectra that resemble closely those of quark models. This feature is interpreted in terms of an induced gauge (or Berry) structure associated with "fast" and "slow" degrees of freedom corresponding, respectively, to the massive- and light-flavor quarks involved in the baryon structure.


1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kovarik

The design of optimal heat exchangers is formulated as the solution of five simultaneous equations. The analysis of these equations yields general properties of optimal crossflow heat exchangers; in particular, an upper bound of 1/3 is given for the fractional cost of maintaining the flow through the heat exchanger. Some of these general properties also apply in the presence of a simple constraint. It is shown that some technically feasible designs cannot be optimal under realistic costs and others under any costs.


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