Lyapunov-schmidt method and types of singularities of critical points of key function in the problem of bifurcations of minimal surfaces

1990 ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Borisovich
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Minimal Surfaces ◽  
Schmidt Method

HARMONIC MORPHISMS AND HERMITIAN STRUCTURES ON EINSTEIN 4-MANIFOLDS

1992 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 415-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN C. WOOD
Keyword(s):  
Riemann Surface ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Minimal Surfaces ◽  
Hermitian Structure ◽  
Harmonic Morphisms ◽  
Harmonic Morphism ◽  
Degeneracy Condition ◽  
Hermitian Structures

We show that a submersive harmonic morphism from an orientable Einstein 4-manifold M4 to a Riemann surface, or a conformal foliation of M4 by minimal surfaces, determines an (integrable) Hermitian structure with respect to which it is holomorphic. Conversely, any nowhere-Kähler Hermitian structure of an orientable anti-self-dual Einstein 4-manifold arises locally in this way. In the case M4=ℝ4 we show that a Hermitian structure, viewed as a map into S2, is a harmonic morphism; in this case and for S4, [Formula: see text] we determine all (submersive) harmonic morphisms to surfaces locally, and, assuming a non-degeneracy condition on the critical points, globally.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

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