Preliminaries: Incidence structures with singer groups

Assessment of Tongue Position and Laryngeal Height in Two Professional Voice Populations

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2019_jslhr-19-00164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 109-124

Author(s):

Carly Jo Hosbach-Cannon ◽

Soren Y. Lowell ◽

Raymond H. Colton ◽

Richard T. Kelley ◽

Xue Bao

Keyword(s):

Vocal Fold ◽

Vocal Tract ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Acoustic Resonance ◽

Contact Dynamics ◽

Voice Disorder ◽

Music Program ◽

Tongue Position ◽

Singer Groups ◽

Professional Voice

Purpose To advance our current knowledge of singer physiology by using ultrasonography in combination with acoustic measures to compare physiological differences between musical theater (MT) and opera (OP) singers under controlled phonation conditions. Primary objectives addressed in this study were (a) to determine if differences in hyolaryngeal and vocal fold contact dynamics occur between two professional voice populations (MT and OP) during singing tasks and (b) to determine if differences occur between MT and OP singers in oral configuration and associated acoustic resonance during singing tasks. Method Twenty-one singers (10 MT and 11 OP) were included. All participants were currently enrolled in a music program. Experimental procedures consisted of sustained phonation on the vowels /i/ and /ɑ/ during both a low-pitch task and a high-pitch task. Measures of hyolaryngeal elevation, tongue height, and tongue advancement were assessed using ultrasonography. Vocal fold contact dynamics were measured using electroglottography. Simultaneous acoustic recordings were obtained during all ultrasonography procedures for analysis of the first two formant frequencies. Results Significant oral configuration differences, reflected by measures of tongue height and tongue advancement, were seen between groups. Measures of acoustic resonance also showed significant differences between groups during specific tasks. Both singer groups significantly raised their hyoid position when singing high-pitched vowels, but hyoid elevation was not statistically different between groups. Likewise, vocal fold contact dynamics did not significantly differentiate the two singer groups. Conclusions These findings suggest that, under controlled phonation conditions, MT singers alter their oral configuration and achieve differing resultant formants as compared with OP singers. Because singers are at a high risk of developing a voice disorder, understanding how these two groups of singers adjust their vocal tract configuration during their specific singing genre may help to identify risky vocal behavior and provide a basis for prevention of voice disorders.

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Uncovering antibody incidence structures

Mathematical Biosciences ◽

10.1016/0025-5564(80)90009-7 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 52 (1-2) ◽

pp. 141-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

George Markowsky ◽

Andrew Wohlgemuth

Keyword(s):

Incidence Structures

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Some incidence structures of maximal rank

Combinatorial Mathematics IV - Lecture Notes in Mathematics ◽

10.1007/bfb0097374 ◽

1976 ◽

pp. 132-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. I. Lehrer

Keyword(s):

Maximal Rank ◽

Incidence Structures

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Exploring Steinitz-Rademacher Polyhedra: a Challenge for Automated Reasoning Tools

10.29007/d3ls ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jesse Alama

Keyword(s):

Automated Reasoning ◽

Order Theory ◽

Incidence Structures ◽

First Order ◽

First Order Theory

This note reports on some experiments, using a handful of standard automated reasoning tools, for exploring Steinitz-Rademacher polyhedra, which are models of a certain first-order theory of incidence structures. This theory and its models, even simple ones, presents significant, geometrically fascinating challenges for automated reasoning tools are.

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