Seasonal variation in feeding behavior, competition and female social relationships in a forest dwelling guenon, the blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni), in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 566-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Pazol ◽  
Marina Cords
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Cercopithecus Mitis ◽  
Kakamega Forest ◽  
Blue Monkey ◽  
Female Social Relationships

scholarly journals Distribution and conservation status of Boutourlini’s blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis boutourlinii), a Vulnerable subspecies endemic to western Ethiopia

Primates ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-796
Author(s):  
Addisu Mekonnen ◽  
Peter J. Fashing ◽  
Afework Bekele ◽  
Nils Chr. Stenseth
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Cercopithecus Mitis ◽  
Blue Monkey ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Female Social Relationships of Cebus apella nigritus in a Southeastern Atlantic Forest: An Analysis Through Ecological Models of Primate Social Evolution

Behaviour ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Izar
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Cebus Apella ◽  
Scramble Competition ◽  
Food Abundance ◽  
Dominant Male ◽  
Female Relationships ◽  
Female Dispersal ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Female Social Relationships

AbstractTheoretical models about female relationships within primate social groups hypothesise that food abundance and distribution are important factors determining the variation of patterns observed among species and populations. Despite some common premises, models formulated by van Schaik (1989) and Sterck et al. (1997) and by Isbell (1991) differ with respect to the importance of predation risk, the co-variation of contest and scramble competition and causes of female dispersal. In this study, data from a population of Cebus apella nigritus from Brazilian Atlantic Forest are analysed using predictions from these models. Competition among females, both within and between groups, is strong and related to food abundance and distribution. Females can transfer between groups, as well as males. Female dispersal is related to a significant reduction in per capita energy intake by group foragers during fruit scarcity periods. The data from this study are not conclusive about the importance of predation in causing variation of female relationships but favour the assumption from van Schaik and Sterck et al. that contest and scramble competition within and between groups can vary independently; and also favour the formulation from Isbell & Van Vuren (1996) on female dispersal. The exact pattern of female social relationships is not sufficiently explained by ecological causes alone. Social benefits provided by the dominant male also seem to be important.

Influence of Infants on Female Social Relationships in Monkeys

1994 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Maestripieri
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Female Social Relationships

Food conditions, competitive regime, and female social relationships in Japanese macaques: within-population variation on Yakushima

Primates ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goro Hanya ◽  
Miki Matsubara ◽  
Shuhei Hayaishi ◽  
Koichiro Zamma ◽  
Shinichi Yoshihiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Japanese Macaques ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Food Conditions ◽  
Female Social Relationships

scholarly journals Population Size, Activity Patterns, Diet, and Ranging Ecology of Boutourlini’s Blue Monkey (Cercopithecus mitis boutourlinii) in Apini and Dokuma Forests, Awi Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zemenu Birhan ◽  
Dessalegn Ejigu
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Cercopithecus Mitis ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Blue Monkeys ◽  
Blue Monkey ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Abstract Background: By studying population size, activity patterns, diet, and ranging ecology of Boutourolini’s blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis boutourlinii) we can get sufficient information to conserve the subspecies in the area. Boutourlini’s blue monkey is endemic subspecies found in the western and northwestern parts of Ethiopia. The study was conducted in Apini and Dokuma forests, northwestern Ethiopia, from October 2018 to June 2019. The block count method was used to estimate its total population size and scan sampling method was used to collect data for activity patterns, and diet. The ranging ecology of the study subspecies was determined for each group based on the point to point movements of the group between consecutive GPS locations recorded. Results: On average a total of 71 and 111 individuals of Boutourolini’s blue monkey were counted in Apini and Dokuma forests, respectively. Boutourolini’s blue monkey spent 47.5% and 48.6% of time feeding, 20.2% and 18.6% moving, and 14.1% and 13.5% resting by the Apini and Dokuma groups, respectively. The Apini group frequently fed on young leaves (52.8%), fruits (30.2%), and mature leaves (6.6%), while the Dokuma group fed on young leaves (39.8%), fruit 942.3%), and mature leaves (8.3%). Ranging ecology of Boutourolini’s blue monkey was 44.4 ha and 78.3 ha for the Apini group, and 51 ha and 56.9 ha for the Dokuma group during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Conclusions: The total population size of blue monkeys in the Apini and Dikuma forests counted were different. Activity budgets vary during the wet and dry seasons. During the entire study period blue monkeys consumed different food items from the two forests. The home range size of blue monkeys during the two seasons was different in both groups and they traveled long distance during the dry season. As the habitats of Boutourolini’s blue monkey in the present study area is degraded due to various anthropogenic activities, there is a need to design strategies to minimize conservation problems of the subspecies in the area.

Mating in the Kakamega Forest Blue Monkeys (Cercopithecus Mitis): Does Female Sexual Behavior Function to Manipulate Paternity Assessment?

Behaviour ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Pazol
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Resident Male ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Female Sexual Behavior ◽  
Cercopithecus Mitis ◽  
Kakamega Forest ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Breeding Seasons

AbstractAlthough forest guenons and patas monkeys typically live in one-male, multi-female groups, during some breeding seasons several males enter heterosexual groups and compete for mating opportunities. The occurrence of these multi-male influxes makes it possible to compare female sexual behavior in the presence of one familiar versus multiple unfamiliar males, thus creating an ideal system for evaluating the paternity confusion hypothesis. In this study, I monitored female sexual behavior and collected fecal samples for the extraction of ovarian steroids from females in two habituated blue monkey groups (Cercopithecus mitis) over three breeding seasons. During this period, a multi-male influx occurred twice in each of the monkey groups, and a resident-male turnover took place in one group between breeding seasons. In support of the paternity confusion hypothesis, females were sexually active for periods well beyond the time surrounding ovulation, and they also mated during pregnancy and prior to the onset of ovarian cycling. Moreover, following the resident-male turnover, several females rapidly became sexually active even though they showed no sign of ovarian function. However, while females did have longer sexually active periods when multiple males were in their group, they were no more likely to mate during pregnancy or prior to the onset of ovarian cycling in influx as compared to non-influx seasons. Endocrine profiles compiled from fecal samples collected near the end of amenorrheic periods revealed that females consistently had high estrogen levels at this time, and estrogen levels are also known to rise at certain points during pregnancy. Potentially, the rise in estrogen levels at these times when females are not otherwise ready to conceive is part of an adaptive mechanism through which the likelihood of mating is increased, irrespective of the number or familiarity of males who are present. Alternatively, the increase in estrogen levels may be a side-effect of endocrine changes needed to maintain pregnancy and reactivate the reproductive system following amenorrheic periods.

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