scholarly journals Contribution of Biological and EPR Dosimetry to the Medical Management Support of Acute Radiation Health Effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Beinke ◽  
Christian Siebenwirth ◽  
Michael Abend ◽  
Matthias Port
Keyword(s):  
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Biological Dosimetry ◽  
Epr Dosimetry ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic

AbstractIn this review, we discuss the value of biological dosimetry and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in the medical management support of acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Medical management of an ionizing radiation scenario requires significant information. For optimal medical aid, this information has to be rapidly (< 3 days) delivered to the health-care provider. Clinical symptoms may initially enable physicians to predict ARS and initiate respective medical treatment. However, in most cases at least further verification through knowledge on radiation exposure details is necessary. This can be assessed by retrospective dosimetry techniques, if it is not directly registered by personal dosimeters. The characteristics and potential of biological dosimetry and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry using human-derived specimen are presented here. Both methods are discussed in a clinical perspective regarding ARS diagnostics. The presented techniques can be used in parallel to increase screening capacity in the case of mass casualties, as both can detect the critical dose of 2 Gy (whole body single dose), where hospitalization will be considered. Hereby, biological dosimetry based on the analysis of molecular biomarkers, especially gene expression analysis, but also in vivo EPR represent very promising screening tools for rapid triage dosimetry in early-phase diagnostics. Both methods enable high sample throughput and potential for point-of-care diagnosis. In cases of higher exposure or in small-scale radiological incidents, the techniques can be used complementarily to understand important details of the exposure. Hereby, biological dosimetry can be employed to estimate the whole body dose, while EPR dosimetry on nails, bone or teeth can be used to determine partial body doses. A comprehensive assessment will support optimization of further medical treatment. Ultimately, multipath approaches are always recommended. By tapping the full potential of all diagnostic and dosimetric methods, effective treatment of patients can be supported upon exposure to radiation.

Hyperthermia stimulates nitric oxide formation: electron paramagnetic resonance detection of .NO-heme in blood

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 548-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Hall ◽  
G. R. Buettner ◽  
R. D. Matthes ◽  
C. V. Gisolfi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Unpaired Electron ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Hyperfine Splitting Constant ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic

Previous experiments from our laboratory have demonstrated that severe hyperthermia results in a selective loss of splanchnic vasoconstriction. Using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to scan whole blood samples collected in vivo from the portal vein and femoral artery of conscious unrestrained rats, we observed an increase in the concentration of spectroscopy-detectable species in portal venous blood of all heat-stressed animals. These spectra consisted of at least three distinct species: one with a broad feature having an effective g factor for the unpaired electron (g) of 2.06 assigned to the copper-binding acute phase protein ceruloplasmin, and two with narrower features that evolved at core temperatures > 39 degrees C representing a semiquinone radical and .NO-heme. This heat-induced signal displays the classic nitrogen triplet hyperfine structure (nitrogen hyperfine splitting constant = 17.5 gauss, centered at g = 2.012) that is consistent with a five-coordinate heme complex and is characteristic of an unpaired electron coupled to nitrogen in the ferrous .NO-heme adduct [(alpha 2+NO) beta 3+]2. The intensity of this signal increased approximately twofold as core temperature rose to > 39 degrees C, peaking 1 h post-heat exposure at greater than threefold basal concentration. This species was not seen in corresponding arterial blood samples. This is the first demonstration that whole body hyperthermia produces increased concentrations of radicals and metal binding proteins in the venous blood of the rat and suggests that severe hyperthermia stimulates an enhanced local release of .NO within the splanchnic circulation.

scholarly journals Effects of water on fingernail electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengda Zhang ◽  
Zhixin Zhao ◽  
Haiying Zhang ◽  
Hezheng Zhai ◽  
Shuzhou Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Epr Dosimetry ◽  
Radical Concentration ◽  
Epr Measurements ◽  
Contact Free ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic

Abstract Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a promising biodosimetric method, and fingernails are sensitive biomaterials to ionizing radiation. Therefore, kinetic energy released per unit mass (kerma) can be estimated by measuring the level of free radicals within fingernails, using EPR. However, to date this dosimetry has been deficient and insufficiently accurate. In the sampling processes and measurements, water plays a significant role. This paper discusses many effects of water on fingernail EPR dosimetry, including disturbance to EPR measurements and two different effects on the production of free radicals. Water that is unable to contact free radicals can promote the production of free radicals due to indirect ionizing effects. Therefore, varying water content within fingernails can lead to varying growth rates in the free radical concentration after irradiation—these two variables have a linear relationship, with a slope of 1.8143. Thus, EPR dosimetry needs to be adjusted according to the water content of the fingernails of an individual. When the free radicals are exposed to water, the eliminating effect will appear. Therefore, soaking fingernail pieces in water before irradiation, as many researchers have previously done, can cause estimation errors. In addition, nails need to be dehydrated before making accurately quantitative EPR measurements.

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