How Are Greenhouse Gases Coupled Across Seasons in a Large Temperate River with Differential Land Use?

While it is widely acknowledged that shifts in diet could play a large role in mitigating climate change with important health co-benefits, knowledge on how to accomplish these shifts is lacking. Our previous study showed a statistically significant reduction in the dietary carbon footprint of students who had completed a college course on the connections between food and the environment compared to a control group enrolled in an unrelated course. An extension of the previous study, this research evaluates the sustainability of female and male diets in both the intervention and control groups from baseline to follow up with respect to the following planetary boundaries: greenhouse gases, land use, water use, nitrogen loss, and phosphorus use. In addition, a 50-point modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index was calculated at baseline and follow up for all students. Female students enrolled in the intervention course reported diets with statistically significant reductions in their footprints from baseline to follow up for greenhouse gases (p = 0.011), land use (p = 0.012), and phosphorus (p = 0.045), and the female diets were statistically different from the control groups for those three boundaries. For water use, female diets increased in footprint from baseline to follow up due to an increase in vegetable intake. Males enrolled in the intervention showed similar trends (reductions in footprints for greenhouse gases, land use, and phosphorus use and an increase in blue water use), but differences were not statistically significant, partially due to the smaller number of male respondents. Student dietary footprints are compared to a per capita limit allowable for food according to the planetary boundaries concept. For all of the planetary boundaries except blue water use, the student dietary footprints were well above the per capita boundary for food-related sources.

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Targeting area and comparing the effect of different land use/land cover (LULC) scenarios on greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission reduction (Case study: Hyrcanian forests in Iran)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-108537/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hamidreza Kamyab ◽

Zahra Asadolahi

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Cover ◽

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Baseline Scenario ◽

Land Use Land Cover ◽

Success Rates ◽

Lulc Change ◽

Project Area ◽

Hyrcanian Forests ◽

Multi Criteria Evaluation

Abstract Background Because the greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions are known to be strongly influenced by land use/land cover (LULC) change, reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) mechanism has attracted much attention as a strategy for understanding how different LULC scenarios effect on the GHGs emissions. Transition to other LULC types is one of the major challenges of Iran's Hyrcanian forests in Golestan province. To consider how LULC change scenarios affect GHGs, REDD project was executed in a period of 30 years (2018–2048) at intervals of 5 years. In this regard, study area was divided into the project area and leakage belt based on the Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) derived forest suitability map. In the baseline scenario, it was assumed that the trend of past LULC changes will continue. Results By implementation of the project scenario, some degradation activities were controlled. Project scenario was executed with different project success rates (PSR) of 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50% to examine its efficiency rate in reducing GHGs emissions. According to the results, 38206.8 hectares of forests within the project area will be destroyed by 2047 under the baseline. The destroyed area will be reach 39784.4 hectares in the leakage belt. The highest rate of forest destruction in the project area will occur in the last 5 years (1352 hectares per year), so the highest CO2 and non-CO2 emissions equal to 662655.3 tons/year and 278.94 tCO2e/year will happen in the last 5 years (2042–2047). Based on the results, reducing the PSR affected the efficiency of the project scenario. The highest and lowest rates of emissions reduction were observed respectively with PSR of 90 and 50%. Conclusions That's very important for developing countries especially Iran that are facing many challenging forest conservation decisions. This study innovated in methodology by integrating the MCE into the REDD steps. The MCE as a spatial targeting method could be applied to increase the efficiency of the REDD project, as we illustrated for the case of Hyrcanian forests.

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