Radiomics-based prediction of multiple gene alteration incorporating mutual genetic information in glioblastoma and grade 4 astrocytoma, IDH-mutant

Purpose In glioma, molecular alterations are closely associated with disease prognosis. This study aimed to develop a radiomics-based multiple gene prediction model incorporating mutual information of each genetic alteration in glioblastoma and grade 4 astrocytoma, IDH-mutant. Methods From December 2014 through January 2020, we enrolled 418 patients with pathologically confirmed glioblastoma (based on the 2016 WHO classification). All selected patients had preoperative MRI and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation, O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation, epidermal growth factor receptor amplification, and alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) loss status. Patients were randomly split into training and test sets (7:3 ratio). Enhancing tumor and peritumoral T2-hyperintensity were auto-segmented, and 660 radiomics features were extracted. We built binary relevance (BR) and ensemble classifier chain (ECC) models for multi-label classification and compared their performance. In the classifier chain, we calculated the mean absolute Shapley value of input features. Results The micro-averaged area under the curves (AUCs) for the test set were 0.804 and 0.842 in BR and ECC models, respectively. IDH mutation status was predicted with the highest AUCs of 0.964 (BR) and 0.967 (ECC). The ECC model showed higher AUCs than the BR model for ATRX (0.822 vs. 0.775) and MGMT promoter methylation (0.761 vs. 0.653) predictions. The mean absolute Shapley values suggested that predicted outcomes from the prior classifiers were important for better subsequent predictions along the classifier chains. Conclusion We built a radiomics-based multiple gene prediction chained model that incorporates mutual information of each genetic alteration in glioblastoma and grade 4 astrocytoma, IDH-mutant and performs better than a simple bundle of binary classifiers using prior classifiers’ prediction probability.