Aim. To evaluate the features of melatonin cyrcadian production in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease associated with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome.
Methods. We examines 29 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease were examined (group 1), 29 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease associated with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (group 2), and 22 patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (group 3). The comparison group included 21 people without gastroesophageal reflux disease and obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (group 4). The content of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin was determined in 24-hour urine and separately in its daytime and night portions by enzyme immune assay. The night/day index was calculated. The compared groups were comparable by gender but the patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome and gastroesophageal reflux disease associated with this syndrome differed from the patients from comparison group by older age, which is consistent with epidemiology of sleep apnea. The analysis of the data obtained was performed using the program Statistica 10.0. When comparing quantitative indicators between four independent samples, KruskelWallis test was used. In order to study the relationship between the phenomena, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was calculated.
Results. A significantly increased level of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in 24-hour urine was determined in group 2 (p=0.0000), as well as in day (0.0000) and night portions (0.015) compared to group 1, in 24-hour urine (p=0.0007) and its day portion (p=0.0001) compared to group 3, in day portion of urine compared to group 4 (p=0.029). In group 2 compared to group 4 a significant shift in melatonin synthesis peak during daytime hours was observed, which is expressed in a statistically significant decrease in the night/day index (p=0.0003). Correlation analysis revealed statistically significant relations between the level of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in urine and the severity of sleep apnea (in 24-hour urine: r=0.64, p=0.0000; in daytime portion: r=0.62, p=0.0000; in night portion: r=0.40, p=0.003), as well as respiratory monitoring indicators indicating sleep fragmentation due to apnea (the number of awakenings associated with respiratory events: r=0.58; p=0.00001; activation of the central nervous system associated with respiratory efforts: (r=0.50; p=0.0002).
Conclusion. The patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease associated with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome have an increased level of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in urine associated with the shift of its peak synthesis to daytime hours; the identified changes correlate with apnea/hypopnea index reflecting the severity of apnea and sleep disturbance.
The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and gastroesophageal reflux disease: a meta-analysis
