Approach-avoidance responses to visual stimuli in frogs

1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Biersner ◽  
Ronald Melzack
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Responses

Pleasure and arousal in the marketplace: Interpersonal differences in approach-avoidance responses

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Ridgway ◽  
Scott A. Dawson ◽  
Peter H. Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Responses

scholarly journals Looking into your eyes: observed pupil size influences approach-avoidance responses

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 616-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
Marco Biella ◽  
Mariska E. Kret
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Size ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Responses

scholarly journals Early life stress is associated with reduced avoidance of threatening facial expressions

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 1059-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Kirkham ◽  
Liat Levita
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Responses

AbstractEarly neglect or maltreatment has been associated with changes in children's processing of emotional facial expressions, including a hypersensitivity to the emotion of anger. This may facilitate the avoidance of danger in a maltreating environment. However, few studies have examined whether experiences of early life stress (ELS) are associated with atypical avoidance responses towards emotional facial expressions, or whether the effects of ELS can be observed in adult participants. The present study therefore examined the effects of ELS on adults’ approach-avoidance tendencies towards angry, happy, and neutral facial expressions. Surprisingly, higher levels of ELS were associated with reduced avoidance of angry facial expressions among individuals with no evidence of mental illness. In contrast, there was no evidence of a relationship between ELS and avoidance of angry facial expressions among individuals with experience of mental illness. These novel findings suggest that ELS-related changes in social cognition can be observed years after the ELS itself occurred.

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