On the controversy over the effect of tidal friction upon the history of the earth-moon system

Icarus ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst Gerstenkorn

About ten years ago I began to investigate tidal friction and its influence on the evolution of the Earth-Moon system, and I first describe the model used. Following the ideas of G. H. Darwin, I treated the system as a two-body problem. The Moon raises tides on the Earth and the two bulges of the tidal ellipsoid, because of the rotation of the Earth, revolve twice daily. The line joining them forms an angle ψ with the line joining their centres; this is a measure of the dissipation of energy. The Moon, considered as a point mass, exerts a retarding couple on the deviated tidal ellipsoid. Contrary to Darwin, I have limited myself to the case of small angles ψ , but I have allowed for arbitrary changes of the other parameters of the orbit, for example, changes of the obliquity ∊ between the earth’s axis and the pole of the orbit as well as changes of the eccentricity.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Malkov ◽  
◽  
V.V. Kuratov ◽  

Zircons in zonal dunite-clinopyroxenite massifs represent a bank of isotopic data on the brightest moments in the life of his generations in the range up to 3 billion years. The chronological coincidence of the set of such dating forms distinct “family” clusters with reference homologous series of “named” impact events in strict galactic periodicity leads us to the unequivocal conclusion that these coincidences are a natural manifestation of galactic periodicity (with a period of 215 Ma) of all endogenous and impact events in the history of the Earth since the origin of the Earth-Moon system 4.515 billion years ago [20, 9]. The zonal dunite-clinopyroxenite massifs turn out to be the richest archives of isotopic information about the age and transformations of the Earth’s substance almost from the moment of its birth in the Hadean in bowels of the Earth.


Author(s):  
Ian A. Crawford ◽  
Katherine H. Joy

The lunar geological record contains a rich archive of the history of the inner Solar System, including information relevant to understanding the origin and evolution of the Earth–Moon system, the geological evolution of rocky planets, and our local cosmic environment. This paper provides a brief review of lunar exploration to-date and describes how future exploration initiatives will further advance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Moon, the Earth–Moon system and of the Solar System more generally. It is concluded that further advances will require the placing of new scientific instruments on, and the return of additional samples from, the lunar surface. Some of these scientific objectives can be achieved robotically, for example by in situ geochemical and geophysical measurements and through carefully targeted sample return missions. However, in the longer term, we argue that lunar science would greatly benefit from renewed human operations on the surface of the Moon, such as would be facilitated by implementing the recently proposed Global Exploration Roadmap.


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