How to Live on Mars With a Proper Circadian Clock?

Intrinsic circadian clocks generate circadian rhythms of physiology and behavior, which provide the capabilities to adapt to cycling environmental cues that result from the self-rotation of the Earth. Circadian misalignment leads to deleterious impacts on adaptation and health in different organisms. The environmental cues on the interplanetary journey to and on Mars dramatically differ from those on Earth. These differences impose numerous adaptive challenges, including challenges for humans’ circadian clock. Thus, adaptation of circadian rhythms to the Martian environment is a prerequisite for future landing and dwelling on Mars. Here, we review the progress of studies associated with the influence of the Martian environment on circadian rhythms and propose directions for further study and potential strategies to improve the adaptation of the circadian clock for future Mars missions.

Some statistics of Ionospheric total electron content variations at mid-latitude zones of Mongolia

This work is focused on the correlation of ionosphere total electron content (TEC) with solar and geomagnetic activities of the space weather at mid-latitude zone. In our analysis, we investigate the TEC time series obtained from dual-frequency GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) observations at three continuous GPS/GNSS stations HOVD (48.00N, 91.66E), CHOB (48.08N, 114.53E) and DALN (43.56N, 104.42) for 2013. The statistical analyses are performed on 15 minute averaged yearly TEC values, which reveal the semi-annual anomaly and high correlation with the activities of the Sun and the rotation of the Earth. Phase overlapping seasonal variations of TEC and Sunspot, and Solar flux (10.7) indices, and Earth rotations (LOD) and Atmospheric angular moment (AAM) are observed in our data analyses. Sudden ionospheric storm changes in TEC with geomagnetic storm induced by the extreme solar flare and 2013 events were investigated. The result shows that GPS derived TEC behaves as an indicator of these events showing sudden increase in TEC during the event.

A chimeric KaiA-like regulator extends the nonstandard KaiB3-KaiC3 clock system in bacteria

The rotation of the Earth results in predictable environmental changes that pose challenges for organisms and force them to adapt. To address this daily rhythm, organisms from all kingdoms of life have evolved diverse timing mechanisms. In the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, the three proteins KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC constitute the central timing mechanism that drives circadian oscillations. In addition to the standard oscillator, named KaiAB1C1, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 harbors several, diverged clock homologs. The nonstandard KaiB3-KaiC3 system was suggested to impact the metabolic switch in response to darkness. Here, we demonstrate the direct interaction of KaiC3 with Sll0485, which is a potential new chimeric KaiA homolog that we named KaiA3. The existence of a functional link between these proteins is further supported by the co occurrence of genes encoding KaiA3 with the KaiB3-KaiC3-like gene products in 10 cyanobacterial and five other bacterial species. KaiA3 is annotated as a NarL-type response regulator due to its similarity to the response regulator receiver domains. However, its similarity to canonical NarL drastically decreases in the C-terminal domain, which resembles the circadian clock protein KaiA. In line with this, we detected the stimulation of KaiC3 phosphorylation by KaiA3 in vitro. Furthermore, we showed that deletion of the kaiA3 gene led to growth defects during mixotrophic growth conditions and, like a kaiC3-deficient mutant, viability was impaired during chemoheterotrophic growth in complete darkness. In summary, we suggest KaiA3 as a novel, nonstandard KaiA homolog within the cyanobacterial phylum, extending the KaiB3-KaiC3 system in Cyanobacteria and other prokaryotes.

Self-Organization of Water Molecules Over 11-Year Solar Cycle

The variations of solar activity and distribution of solar energy due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis and around the Sun exert a strong influence on the self-organization of water molecules. As a result, the rate of hydrolytic processes with the participation of water clusters displays diurnal, very large annual variations, and is also modulated by the 11-year cycles of solar activity. It also depends on the geographic latitude and can be different at the same time in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. This phenomenon is well accounted for by the influence of muons on the self-organization of water molecules. Muons are constantly generated in the upper atmosphere by the solar wind. They reach the surface of the Earth and can penetrate to some depth underground. Buildings also absorb muons. For this reason, the rate of hydrolysis outside and inside buildings, as well as underground, can differ significantly from each other.

A New Approach to Analysis of the Properties of Disordered Structures in Hydrodynamic Acoustics as Supplement to Technology and Detection Theory

The article presents the results of the analysis of the properties of disordered structures in hydrodynamic acoustics, associated with the process of detecting physical phenomena and marine objects based on the results of their mechanical impact on the marine environment, in which acoustic vibrations propagate. If vortices, attractors, fractals arise as a result of complex interactions of forces of nature (upwellings, seiches, Coriolis forces, currents, convection flows, rotation of the Earth) and are essentially mechanical effects on the environment of formation and propagation of an acoustic field, then mechanical sources of sound introduced into the hydrosphere (water) should repeat fractal iterations on a smaller scale at the sound field level. Recognizing the equations of hydrodynamics (the equation of motion, the equation of continuity, and the equation of state) as the fundamental equations of hydroacoustics, the nonlinearity of these equations is proposed to be considered the theory of the hydroacoustic field as nonlinear, and the linearity of the processes in this study is considered a special case. The principle of superposition also becomes a special case, and the Fourier transform, remaining necessary, loses its sufficiency. Fractal analysis in combination with wavelet analysis should be involved to help him

Importance of Daily Rhythms on Brassicaceae Phytochemicals

The circadian clock serves to coordinate metabolism and physiology with the diurnal cycles derived from the daily rotation of the earth. In Brassicaceae, circadian rhythms contribute to the temporal daily variation in diverse phytochemicals and, hence, to both resistance to biotic stress and edible crop health value. Understanding the temporal variation in the specialized metabolites present in Brassica crops can improve selection and future breeding strategies. In this review, we focus on the importance of daily rhythms in the phytochemical biochemistry of the main bioactive compounds present in Brassicaceae plants. We provide a general overview of the mechanisms that can drive the daily variation in phytochemical levels and then provide specific examples of compounds that show daily variation. Finally, we discuss how these rhythmic patterns in plant phytochemicals may impact plant protection against biotic stress, the content of nutraceuticals, and the longevity of post-harvest crops.

Solving optimal reactive power problem by hurricane search optimization algorithm

In this paper Proposed Hurricane Search Optimization (HSO) algorithm is proposed to solve optimal reactive power problem. An upward motion of air is caused due to release of heat which creates a low-pressure zone and by the rotation of the earth that is set into spin. In this spiraling airflow when energy is high then hurricane is created. Projected Hurricane Search Optimization (HSO) algorithm<strong> </strong>design is based on the examination of the horizontal wind structure in a hurricane and how the wind parcels the progression in the neighboring atmosphere. A mixture of wind models has been developed for past few years to Backtesting and to compute hurricane exterior wind fields. Proposed Hurricane Search Optimization (HSO) algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 30, 57bus test systems and simulation results show the projected algorithm reduced the real power loss considerably.

LEGIT BOLTAS (Learning Gadget Bola Tata Surya) Based on Augmented Reality in SDI Raden Patah Surabaya

The learning process at the elementary school level in Indonesia requires the creativity of educators to improve literacy, learning motivation and effective learning outcomes, especially in natural science (IPA) learning materials, sometimes learning is applied in theory and presented abstractly so that it requires a high level of reasoning. Lack of creativity and application of educators at SDI Raden Patah Surabaya, especially in understanding the material of the Solar System makes learning not conducive, learning outcomes indicators do not experience development so that many students do not understand and are motivated to learn more deeply. This study aims to improve students' motivation and learning outcomes in Natural Sciences (IPA) subjects, especially in the case of the Solar System through the LEGIT BOLTAS media application in fifth-grade students of SDI Raden Patah Surabaya. This type of research is quantitative descriptive with experimental learning methods and using 4-E learning cycle model. The method used is to compare the results of the pretest and posttest data collection techniques to the use of LEGIT BOLTAS media. the application of planetarium media gives an increase in the value of student motivation in learning by 90 %. The result of this study showed that the application of the use of LEGIT BOLTAS (Learning Gadget of Bola Tata Surya) Based on Augmented Reality can increase motivation and learning of fifth-grade students of SDI Raden Patah Surabaya The learning energy used by students is directed to observe, analyze and differentiate the processes of revolution, rotation of the earth and other processes in the Solar System. From the results of this study, it is expected that the level of student understanding will increase in actualizing student creativity in terms of innovation and digitalization.

Addendum 2020 to ‘Measurement of the Earth’s rotation: 720 BC to AD 2015’

Historical reports of solar eclipses are added to our previous dataset (Stephenson et al. 2016 Proc. R. Soc. A 472 , 20160404 ( doi:10.1098/rspa.2016.0404 )) in order to refine our determination of centennial and longer-term changes since 720 BC in the rate of rotation of the Earth. The revised observed deceleration is −4.59 ± 0.08 × 10 −22 rad s −2 . By comparison the predicted tidal deceleration based on the conservation of angular momentum in the Sun–Earth–Moon system is −6.39 ± 0.03 × 10 −22 rad s −2 . These signify a mean accelerative component of +1.8 ± 0.1 × 10 −22 rad s −2 . There is also evidence of an oscillatory variation in the rate with a period of about 14 centuries.