We construct four types of analytical soliton solutions for the higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with distributed coefficients. These solutions include bright solitons, dark solitons, combined solitons, and M-shaped solitons. Moreover, the explicit functions which describe the evolution of the width, peak, and phase are discussed exactly.We finally discuss the nonlinear soliton tunnelling effect for four types of femtosecond solitons
We investigate spatial XPM-paired solitons in nonlinear metamaterials (MMs) based on the (1 + 1)-dimensional coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) describing the co-propagation of two optical beams of different frequencies in the MM with a Kerr-type nonlinear polarization. Three types of XPM-paired solitons including bright-bright, bright-dark and dark-dark solitons for different combination of the signs of refractive index experienced by the two beams, respectively, are obtained by using a generalized hyperbolic function method, which makes the temporal XPM-paired solitons in optical fibers find their spatial counterparts in MMs. Numerical simulations are performed to confirm the theoretical predictions and further identify the propagation properties of the spatial XPM-paired solitons in MMs described by Drude model.
Grayness-dependent emission of dispersive waves from dark solitons in optical fibers
