Exclusion of red cell membrane cytoskeleton from the parasitophorous vacuole membrane of the internalised malaria parasite

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
A DLUZEWSKI ◽  
P FRYER ◽  
S GRIFFITHS ◽  
K RANGACHARI ◽  
R WILSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole Membrane ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Vacuole Membrane ◽  
Membrane Cytoskeleton

scholarly journals Origins of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, in human red blood cells

1992 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Dluzewski ◽  
G.H. Mitchell ◽  
P.R. Fryer ◽  
S. Griffiths ◽  
R.J. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole Membrane ◽  
Host Cell Membrane ◽  
Vacuole Membrane ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum

We have attempted to determine whether the parasitophorous vacuole membrane, in which the malaria parasite (merozoite) encapsulates itself when it enters a red blood cell, is derived from the host cell plasma membrane, as the appearance of the invasion process in the electron microscope has been taken to suggest, or from lipid material stored in the merozoite. We have incorporated into the red cell membrane a haptenic phospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, containing an NBD (N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)) group, substituted in the acyl chain, and allowed it to translocate into the inner bilayer leaflet. After invasion of these labelled cells by the parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, immuno-gold electron microscopy was used to follow the distribution of the labelled lipid; this was found to be overwhelmingly in favour of the host cell membrane relative to the parasitophorous vacuole. Merozoites of P. knowlesi were allowed to attach irreversibly to red cells without invasion, using the method of pretreatment with cytochalasin. The region of contact between the merozoite and the host cell membrane was in all cases devoid of the labelled phosphatidylethanolamine. These results lead us to infer that the parasitophorous vacuole membrane is derived wholly or partly from lipid preexisting in the merozoite.

Lamellar membranes associated with rhoptries in erythrocytic merozoites of Plasmodium knowlesi: a clue to the mechanism of invasion

Parasitology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Bannister ◽  
G. H. Mitchell ◽  
G. A. Butcher ◽  
E. D. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Membrane

SUMMARYIn merozoites of Plasmodium knowlesi, rhoptries have a dense substructure of fine (2·5 nm diameter) granules and short rods. These are not altered by lipid extraction, and stain with ethanolic phosphotungstate indicating a proteinaceous composition. Various types of fixation also show multilamellar whorls with a periodicity of 5–7 rim in the tips of rhoptries or extruded at the merozoite apex. In merozoites fixed during invasions of red cells, membrane continuity typically occurs between the rim of the rhoptry canal and the red cell membrane, but where this contact has apparently been lost, extensive membranous whorls and blebs are often found at the apex of the parasite. Similar structures occur at the spices of merozoites within late-stage schizonts. It is suggested that the same mechanism which generates these lamellae forms the parasitophorous vacuole by inserting membranous elements formed by the parasite into the red cell membrane, so causing its invagination. A similar mechanism may be responsible for the release of merozoites from the late-stage schizont.

Malaria parasite invasion: Interactions with the red cell membrane

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Mitchell ◽  
L.H. Bannister ◽  
R.E. Sinden
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Parasite Invasion

Red cell membrane protein distribution during malarial invasion

1989 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-699
Author(s):  
A.R. Dluzewski ◽  
P.R. Fryer ◽  
S. Griffiths ◽  
R.J. Wilson ◽  
W.B. Gratzer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽  
Lamellar Body ◽  
Band 3 ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Protein Distribution ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Thin Sections

Immuno-gold labelling electron microscopy of thin sections was used to determine the distribution of red cell membrane and membrane skeleton proteins in the vicinity of internalized malaria parasites. When examined immediately after invasion (young ring-stage parasites), the parasitophorous vacuole membranes of both Plasmodium falciparum and P. knowlesi were found to be characterized by the essentially complete absence of spectrin, ankyrin and the most abundant transmembrane protein, band 3. P. knowlesi merozoites were trapped in the attached but not internalized state by pretreatment with cytochalasin B. In this merozoite-red cell complex antibody labelling showed that band 3 had been eliminated from the region of the host cell membrane in contact with the parasite. Internal vesicles, originating apparently from the site of attachment, were often observed in the red cell. Opposite the attached parasite a cavity was also sometimes seen in the host cell, presumably representing an incipient internal vesicle. The membrane was intact, as judged by the absence of protein (haemoglobin) in the cavity, and, like the membranes surrounding the internal vesicles, was devoid of membrane proteins. A large multilamellar body was sometimes seen in the merozoite close to its point of attachment. The lamellar spacing was about 50 nm. The electron microscope images suggest a diffusion of electron-dense material from the lamellar body into the cavity in the host cell.

Relation of red cell membrane properties to invasion byPlasmodium falciparum

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Dluzewski ◽  
k. Rangachari ◽  
R. J. M. Wilson ◽  
W. B. Gratzer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayer ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
Membrane Cytoskeleton ◽  
Mechanical Rigidity

The effects of changes in red cell membrane properties on invasion byPlasmodium falciparumhave been studied by varying the cholesterol content and the intracellular concentration of polyamines. Increased cholesterol content is known to cause large reductions in the internal fluidity of the phospholipid bilayer and a change in its preferred direction of bending, but does not cause changes in gross mechanical rigidity. Polyamines, on the other hand, are thought to increase the cohesion of the membrane cytoskeleton and impede translational diffusion of transmembrane particles, as well as increase trie mechanical rigidity of the membrane. Cells with membranes augmented by 50% in cholesterol show no reduction in their susceptibility to parasitic invasion, whereas an increase in cytosolic polyamine (especially spermine) concentration leads to strong inhibition of invasion. In neither case is the development of the intracellular parasite affected. We conclude that it is the macroscopic, rather than the microscopic rheoelastic properties of the membrane that influence the invasion process. Depletion of membrane cholesterol leads to a substantial reduction in parasitaemia; it is suggested that this is linked to the reduced phosphorus incorporation into spectrin in these cells. Polyamines may exert a significant effect at physiological concentrations and the possibility must be considered that the elevated polyamine levels found in red cells in sickle cell disease may account for the protection againstP. falciparum.

Experience with eosin-5′-maleimide as a diagnostic tool for red cell membrane cytoskeleton disorders

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Kedar ◽  
R. B. Colah ◽  
S. Kulkarni ◽  
K. Ghosh ◽  
D. Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Cytoskeleton
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