Diagnosing the spatiotemporal diversity of westerly wind events in the tropical Pacific

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 90-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozhen Hao ◽  
Hong-Li Ren ◽  
Wenjun Zhang ◽  
Minghong Liu ◽  
Yuntao Wei
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Westerly Wind ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
Westerly Wind Events ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

Westerly Wind Events in the Tropical Pacific and their Influence on the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere System: A Review

2013 ◽  
pp. 49-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Lengaigne ◽  
Jean-Philippe Boulanger ◽  
Christophe Menkes ◽  
Pascale Delecluse ◽  
Julia Slingo
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Westerly Wind ◽  
System A ◽  
Atmosphere System ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
Westerly Wind Events ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

scholarly journals Westerly Wind Events in the Tropical Pacific, 1986–95*

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3131-3156 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Harrison ◽  
Gabriel A. Vecchi
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Westerly Wind ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
Westerly Wind Events ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

Westerly wind bursts in the tropical Pacific

Weather ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 282-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Verbickas
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Westerly Wind ◽  
Wind Bursts ◽  
Westerly Wind Bursts ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

Observed El Niño SSTA Development and the Effects of Easterly and Westerly Wind Events in 2014/15

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1505-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Chiodi ◽  
D. E. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Wind Stress ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Westerly Wind ◽  
Easterly Wind ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
Westerly Wind Events

Abstract The unexpected halt of warm sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) growth in 2014 and development of a major El Niño in 2015 has drawn attention to our ability to understand and predict El Niño development. Wind stress–forced ocean model studies have satisfactorily reproduced observed equatorial Pacific SSTAs during periods when data return from the TAO/TRITON buoy network was high. Unfortunately, TAO/TRITON data return in 2014 was poor. To study 2014 SSTA development, the observed wind gaps must be filled. The hypothesis that subseasonal wind events provided the dominant driver of observed waveguide SSTA development in 2014 and 2015 is used along with the available buoy winds to construct an oceanic waveguide-wide surface stress field of westerly wind events (WWEs) and easterly wind surges (EWSs). It is found that the observed Niño-3.4 SSTA development in 2014 and 2015 can thereby be reproduced satisfactorily. Previous 2014 studies used other wind fields and reached differing conclusions about the importance of WWEs and EWSs. Experiment results herein help explain these inconsistencies, and clarify the relative importance of WWEs and EWSs. It is found that the springtime surplus of WWEs and summertime balance between WWEs and EWSs (yielding small net wind stress anomaly) accounts for the early development and midyear reversal of El Niño–like SSTA development in 2014. A strong abundance of WWEs in 2015 accounts for the rapid SSTA warming observed then. Accurately forecasting equatorial Pacific SSTA in years like 2014 and 2015 may require learning to predict WWE and EWS occurrence characteristics.

scholarly journals About the role of Westerly Wind Events in the possible development of an El Niño in 2014

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (18) ◽  
pp. 6476-6483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe E. Menkes ◽  
Matthieu Lengaigne ◽  
Jérôme Vialard ◽  
Martin Puy ◽  
Patrick Marchesiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Westerly Wind ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
Westerly Wind Events

Evaluating the performance of CMIP6 models in the tropical Atlantic: mean state, variability, and remote impacts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Richter ◽  
Hiroki Tokinaga
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Boreal Summer ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Westerly Wind ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mean State ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

<p>General circulation models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) are examined with respect to their ability to simulate the mean state and variability of the tropical Atlantic, as well as its linkage to the tropical Pacific. While, on average, mean state biases have improved little relative to the previous intercomparison (CMIP5), there are now a few models with very small biases. In particular the equatorial Atlantic warm SST and westerly wind biases are mostly eliminated in these models. Furthermore, interannual variability in the equatorial and subtropical Atlantic is quite realistic in a number of CMIP6 models, which suggests that they should be useful tools for understanding and predicting variability patterns. The evolution of equatorial Atlantic biases follows the same pattern as in previous model generations, with westerly wind biases during boreal spring preceding warm sea-surface temperature (SST) biases in the east during boreal summer. A substantial portion of the westerly wind bias exists already in atmosphere-only simulations forced with observed SST, suggesting an atmospheric origin. While variability is relatively realistic in many models, SSTs seem less responsive to wind forcing than observed, both on the equator and in the subtropics, possibly due to an excessively deep mixed layer originating in the oceanic component. Thus models with realistic SST amplitude tend to have excessive wind amplitude. The models with the smallest mean state biases all have relatively high resolution but there are also a few low-resolution models that perform similarly well, indicating that resolution is not the only way toward reducing tropical Atlantic biases. The results also show a relatively weak link between mean state biases and the quality of the simulated variability. The linkage to the tropical Pacific shows a wide range of behaviors across models, indicating the need for further model improvement.</p>

Westerly Wind Events and the 1997/98 El Niño Event in the ECMWF Seasonal Forecasting System: A Case Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3153-3170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Vitart ◽  
Magdalena Alonso Balmaseda ◽  
Laura Ferranti ◽  
David Anderson
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Seasonal Forecasting ◽  
Westerly Wind ◽  
El Niño Event ◽  
System A ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
Westerly Wind Events

Subseasonal Atmospheric Variability and El Niño Waveguide Warming: Observed Effects of the Madden–Julian Oscillation and Westerly Wind Events*

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 3619-3642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Chiodi ◽  
D. E. Harrison ◽  
Gabriel A. Vecchi
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Madden Julian Oscillation ◽  
Westerly Wind ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
Westerly Wind Events

Abstract Westerly wind events (WWEs) have previously been shown to initiate equatorial Pacific waveguide warming. The relationship between WWEs and Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) activity, as well as the role of MJO events in initiating waveguide warming, is reconsidered here over the 1986–2010 period. WWEs are identified in observations of near-surface zonal winds using an objective scheme. MJO events are defined using a widely used index, and 64 are identified that occur when the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is in its neutral state. Of these MJO events, 43 have one or more embedded WWEs and 21 do not. The evolution of sea surface temperature anomaly over the equatorial Pacific waveguide following the westerly surface wind phase of the MJO over the western equatorial Pacific is examined. Waveguide warming is found for the MJO with WWE events in similar magnitudes as following the WWEs not embedded in an MJO. There is very little statistically significant waveguide warming following MJO events that do not contain an embedded WWE. The observed SST anomaly changes are well reproduced in an ocean general circulation model forced with the respective composite wind stress anomalies. Further, it is found that the occurrence of an MJO event does not significantly affect the likelihood that a WWE will occur. These results extend and confirm the earlier results of Vecchi with a near doubling of the period of study. It is suggested that understanding the sources and predictability of tropical Pacific westerly wind events remains essential to improving predictions of the onset of El Niño events.

scholarly journals Role of non-linear oceanic processes in the response to westerly wind events: New implications for the 1997 El Niño onset

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1603-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-P. Boulanger ◽  
E. Durand ◽  
J.-P. Duvel ◽  
C. Menkes ◽  
P. Delecluse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Westerly Wind ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
Westerly Wind Events
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