Recurrent hypersomnia: Kleine-Levin syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S595-S595
Author(s):  
L. Rodríguez Andrés ◽  
A. Rodríguez Campos ◽  
L. Gallardo Borge ◽  
G. Isidro García ◽  
E. Mayor Toranzo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency

IntroductionKleine-Levin syndrome was first described by Kleine in 1925 and elaborated on by Levi in 1936. It is an infrequent syndrome that predominantly affects to teenagers, and boys are four times more likely to be affected than girls. It is rare for patients over 30 years although some cases have been reported. Kleine-Levin syndrome is a recurrent hypersomnia characterized by episodes of hypersomnia lasting for 2 days to 4 weeks associated with symptoms of hyperphagia, hypersexuality and cognitive impairment. It can be accompanied by other abnormal behavior such as aggression, personality changes and irritability. Deficits are resolved between episodes.Case reportIt is presented the case report of a patient that suffers from recurrent episodes of hypersomnia associated with hyperphagia and abnormal behavior.ElectroencephalographyEEG demonstrates slowing of drowsiness and a decrease in REM sleep. The test of multiple sleep latency is abnormal and the rest of complementary test are normal.DiagnosisF51.1 Recurrent hypersomnia (Kleine-Levin syndrome) [307.44].DiscussionKleine-Levin syndrome is an intriguing, severe and homogenous disease with no obvious cause or treatment. Treatment is generally supportive. It should be considered in any teenager presenting with recurrent episodes of hypersomnia concurrent with cognitive changes or disinhibition.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Late-Onset Narcolepsy: A Case Report with Brief Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeny Jacob ◽  
Rajesh Venkataram ◽  
Nandakishore Baikunje ◽  
Rashmi Soori
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency ◽  
Overnight Polysomnography

AbstractNarcolepsy, a sleep disorder, has its onset in childhood and early adulthood but rarely in older adults. This case report focuses on a man in his late fifties who was noticed to have excessive daytime sleepiness during his stay in our hospital for an unrelated medical ailment. He was further evaluated with overnight polysomnography and next day multiple sleep latency test which confirmed the diagnosis of narcolepsy.

A Case Report of a Capgras’ Syndrome in Elderly

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S472-S472
Author(s):  
C. Moreno Menguiano ◽  
M. Gutierrez Rodriguez ◽  
F. Garcia Sanchez ◽  
S. Bravo Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Single Case Report ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Capgras Syndrome ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Close Relatives

IntroductionCapgras syndrome is the most frequent delusional misidentification syndrome (DMS) which was first described in 1923 by Capgras and Reboul-Lachaux as ‘L’illusion des sosies’. Consists of believe that close relatives have been replaced by nearly identical impostors. It can occur in the context of psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, major depression) such organic, in which onset of delirium is usually later coinciding with neurological damage or neurodegenerative disease.Case reportWoman 73-year-old diagnosed of schizophrenia since more than thirty years ago. Her family talk about general impairment of the patient in the last two years. She needed a couple of psychiatric hospitalizations because of her psychiatric disease, and probably onset of cognitive impairment. In this context, we objectified the presence of a Capgras syndrome.ObjectivesTo review the literature available about Capgras syndrome in elderly and illustrate it with a clinical case.MethodsReview of literature about Capgras syndrome in elderly by searching of articles in the PubMed database of the last five years to illustrate the exposure of a single case report.ResultsThe etiology of this syndrome is not yet well understood. Advanced age is frequently found Capgras syndrome with or without the concomitant presence of an obvious cognitive impairment.ConclusionsSince it is a complex process an etiological model that combines cognitive and perceptual deficits, organic impairment and psychodynamic factors should be proposed. And it is important to make a correct differential diagnosis that allows us to carry out the best possible treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The relevance of Paraphrenia: Case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S699-S699
Author(s):  
M. Peixoto ◽  
M.M. Oliveira ◽  
M. Bragança
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Cognitive Deterioration ◽  
Medical Work ◽  
First Psychotic Episode ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Disorganized Speech

IntroductionParaphrenia is a chronic psychotic disorder with a better-preserved affect and minimal disturbances of emotion and volition and a much less cognitive deterioration and personality changes.Objectives/aimsTo report a case with probable Paraphrenia and to highlight the importance of the differential diagnosis in a first psychotic episode.MethodsCase report and systematic review of the literature.ResultsWe report a case of a 41-year-old man without a past psychiatry history that was led to the psychiatry emergency department (PED), by officers, because of strange behaviour and aggressiveness towards his family. In the PED the patient said that his real father was his father-in-law and that his ex-wife was his sister. His mental exam revealed disinhibition, disorganized speech with slightly mood elation, persecutory, mystic and influential delusions with various delusional interpretations. After being admitted to the psychiatric ward, in compulsatory care, he began treatment and a medical work up was completed. According to the family the patient had begun this strange behaviour four years prior. During the hospitalization it became clear that the patient was experiencing imaginative-confabulatoric multi-thematic delusions, sometimes interviewer guided, without showing cognitive deterioration and retaining his personality.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of atypical psychosis or psychosis not otherwise specified is not satisfactory since it agglutinates different conditions together. Paraphrenia is a well-established concept and should be used in order to define a group of psychotic patients who exhibited characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia, minus personality impairment and slower cognitive decline.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Explosive sound without external stimuli following electroencephalography kappa rhythm fluctuation: A case report

Cephalalgia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 033310242110217
Author(s):  
Yukiyoshi Sumi ◽  
Towa Miyamoto ◽  
Satoshi Sudo ◽  
Hiroshi Kadotani ◽  
Yuji Ozeki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Loud Sound ◽  
Band Power ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency ◽  
Band Activity

Background The pathology underlying exploding head syndrome, a parasomnia causing a loud sound/sense of explosion, is not well understood. Kappa rhythm is a type of electroencephalogram alpha band activity with maximum potential between contralateral temporal electrodes We report a case of preceding kappa activity before exploding head syndrome attacks. Case report A 57-year-old woman complained of explosive sounds for 2 months; a loud sound would transpire every day before sleep onset. She was diagnosed with exploding head syndrome. During polysomnography and the multiple sleep latency test, the exploding head syndrome attacks occurred six times. A kappa wave with activity disappearing a few seconds before most exploding head syndrome attacks was observed. The alpha band power in T3-T4 derivation gradually waxed followed by termination around the attacks. Conclusion This case demonstrated that the dynamics of kappa activity precede exploding head syndrome attacks. Finding ways to modulate electroencephalogram oscillation could elucidate their causality and lead to therapeutic intervention.

Psychiatry intervention in cerebellar cognitive affective disorder: Case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s503-s504
Author(s):  
O.E. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Cerebellar Dysfunction ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Cerebellar Lesions ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Medical Teams

Background/objectivesCerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) is a condition that arises from cerebellar lesions. CCAS can easily be overlooked by medical teams; therefore a bibliographic review will facilitate the understanding of symptoms in order to effectively diagnose and provide a holistic early treatment approach.MethodsA case report of a 72-year-old woman with bilateral cerebellar lesions with high pre-morbid function presented with classic symptoms of CCAS. Multidisciplinary workup included medical, psychiatric, neuropsychological assessment (R-BANS (Form 1), Digit Span, Verbal fluency tests, the Hayling Test, the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System) as well as other investigations (neuroimaging and blood tests) were conducted on the patient to confirm CCAS and exclude other differential diagnoses.ResultsThe results from the medical assessments conducted showed symptoms of cerebellar dysfunction. A psychiatry and neuropsychological review revealed aggression, irritability, disinhibition, deterioration in cognitive function and personality changes. A multidisciplinary team was formed to rehabilitate the patient however patient was non-compliant with therapy. The patient was prescribed Seroquel 50 XR and she responded well to the medication.ConclusionThis case review illustrates the challenges associated with engaging a CCAS patient in rehabilitation activities due to cognitive and mood disorders. The use of psychotropic medications can be an effective method in improving cognition and mood disorders in CCAS patients. Early psychiatry and psychological intervention can significantly improve the overall outcome of a patient diagnosed with CCAS.Funding sourceNil.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Multiple Sleep Latency Test by Polysomnography: A Case Report

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-149
Author(s):  
Robert Daniel Vorona ◽  
J. Catesby Ware
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency Test ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT) parameters and occurrence of dreaming in patients with daytime sleepiness of narcoleptic and non-narcoleptic origin

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 958-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Siqueira Waihrich ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Delgado Rodrigues ◽  
Henrique Aragão Silveira ◽  
Fernando da Fonseca Melo Fróes ◽  
Guilherme Henrique da Silva Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency

OBJECTIVE: To compare MSLT parameters in two groups of patients with daytime sleepiness, correlated to the occurrence and onset of dreams. METHOD: Patients were submitted to the MSLT between January/1999 and June/2002. Sleep onset latency, REM sleep latency and total sleep time were determined. The occurrence of dreams was inquired following each MSLT series. Patients were classified as narcoleptic (N) or non-narcoleptic (NN). RESULTS: Thirty patients were studied, 12 were classified as narcoleptics (N group; 40%), while the remaining 18 as non-narcoleptic (NN group; 60%). Thirty MSLT were performed, resulting in 146 series. Sleep was detected in 126 series (86%) and dreams in 56 series (44.44%). Mean sleep time in the N group was 16.0±6.3 min, while 10.5±7.5 min in the NN group (p<0.0001). Mean sleep latency was 2.0±2.2 min and 7.2±6.0 min in the N and NN group, respectively (p<0.001). Mean REM sleep latency in the N group was 3.2±3.1min and 6.9±3.7 min in the NN group (p=0.021). Dreams occurred in 56.9% of the N group series and 28.4% in that of the NN group (p=0.0009). Dream frequency was detected in 29.8% and 75% of the NREM series of the N and NN groups, respectively (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: Patients from the N group, compared to the NN group, slept longer and earlier, demonstrated a shorter REM sleep onset and greater dream frequency. NN patients had a greater dream frequency in NREM series. Thus, the occurrence of dreams during NREM in the MSLT may contribute to differentially diagnose narcolepsy and daytime sleepiness.

scholarly journals REM sleep episodes during the multiple sleep latency test in narcoleptic patients

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merrill M Mitler ◽  
Johanna Van den Hoed ◽  
Mary A Carskadon ◽  
Gary Richardson ◽  
Richard Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency Test ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document