Monkeys’ ability to generalize amplitude-modulation discrimination to nontrained carriers was limited to one octave below and 0.6 octave above the trained carrier frequency. Asymmetric generalization was paralleled by sharpening in cortical spectral tuning and enhanced firing-rate contrast between rewarded and nonrewarded sinusoidally amplitude-modulated stimuli at carriers near the trained frequency. The spectral content of the training stimulus specified spectral and temporal plasticity that may provide a neural substrate for limitations in generalization of temporal discrimination learning.