scholarly journals PCV75 IMPACT of Generic Competition on Reference Price per DDD and Reimbursed Costs on Antihyperlipidemic Medicines

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S500
Author(s):  
Z. Mitkova ◽  
G. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Reference Price ◽  
Generic Competition

scholarly journals Impact of Generic Competition on Changes in Reference Price Per Ddd and Medicnes Utilization in the Group of Statins

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. A660
Author(s):  
G Petrova ◽  
Z Mitkova ◽  
A Stoimenova ◽  
M Manova
Keyword(s):  
Reference Price ◽  
Generic Competition

Short Fictional Forms and the Rise of the Tale

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Jarrells
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Generic Competition ◽  
Dynamic Field ◽  
Literary Annuals

This chapter discusses some of the short fictional forms that persisted in as well as alongside the novel. These short fictional forms include chapbook and bluebook abridgements, religious tracts, and what would come to be called—by the end of the period covered here—the tale. Together, these forms highlight the dynamic field of writing that comprised the years that span the novel's rise and canonization. As it appeared in stand-alone collections, magazines, and literary annuals, the tale pushed the novel to consolidate its boundaries even as it developed its own mix of features to challenge the novel on its established ground. In the end, however, the novel won out in its generic competition with half-told and mangled tales.

scholarly journals Strategic Analysis of the Pricing Mechanisms in an Online Book Supply Chain in the Presence of Reference Price Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1492-1516
Author(s):  
Wenhua Hou ◽  
Yuwen Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Reference Price ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Price Effects ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
Online Book

(1) Background: A binding recommended retail price has been used in several markets in a variety of forms, and the book market is a typical example. Publishers sell books to online retailers at a unit wholesale discount computed on the cover price. Retailers are then allowed to set the retail price. Therefore, if consumers regard the cover prices as reference points, then they may be more likely to purchase books if retail prices are lower than the cover prices. (2) Methods: We develop a Stackelberg game model for a book supply chain to investigates how reference price effects affect retailers and publisher’s pricing strategies. (3) Results: The results show that retailers will sell printed books at a discount only when the publisher’s wholesale discount rate is not high. Further, as the intensity of the reference price effects increases, (a) the lower boundary of the wholesale discount rate rises, (b) publishers’ profits increase and (c) retailers’ profits increase relative to the level of consumers’ e-books acceptance. (4) Conclusions: This result is related to the fact that the online retailer, such as Amazon and JD.com, like to invoke reference price effects in consumers’ minds by highlighting the printed book’s discount rate.

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