The VEI-7 Millennium eruption, Changbaishan-Tianchi volcano, China/DPRK: New field, petrological, and chemical constraints on stratigraphy, volcanology, and magma dynamics

This is a detailed tephrostratigraphical investigation of late Quaternary deposits in the Longgang and Changbaishan Volcanic Fields of northeastern China. A total of 45 reference samples which were collected from either side of the Chinese/Korean border showed very similar geochemical characteristics to the Millennium eruption of Tianchi Volcano. Through comparing the published data of the glass shards detected in Gushantun with these reference samples, further description is that the glass shards in the sediment of Gushantun came from the Tianchi Volcano eruption in AD 1702, 1668, and 1597. A basaltic tephra layer found in the sediment of Hanlongwan associated with an eruption of the Jinlongdingzi Volcano which happened in 1500–2100 cal. yr BP by comparing with the published data from Sihailongwan and Xiaolongwan. Tianchi and Jinlongdingzi Volcano are both active and erupted several times during the historical period. Reference samples and the tephra layers detected in Hanlongwan, Sihailongwan, Gushantun, Erlongwan, and Xiaolongwan can be used as marker horizons beyond the Longgang Volcanic Field and Changbaishan Volcanic Field, including, for example, in Japan, Korea, nearby coastal area of Russia, and marine records.

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Facies variations in the pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) produced by the Millennium Eruption of the Changbaishan Tianchi volcano, NE China

Acta Petrologica Sinica ◽

10.18654/1000-0569/2020.11.06 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (11) ◽

pp. 3346-3362

Author(s):

YI Jian ◽

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WANG PuJun ◽

SHAN XuanLong ◽

CARNIEL Roberto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pyroclastic Density Currents ◽

Density Currents ◽

Ne China ◽

Tianchi Volcano ◽

Millennium Eruption

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Volcanic Processes and Magmatic Evolution of Tianchi Volcano, Changbaishan

Geological Society London Special Publications ◽

10.1144/sp510-2020-83 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. SP510-2020-83

Author(s):

Haiquan Wei ◽

Bo Zhao ◽

Zhengquan Chen ◽

Hongmei Yu

Keyword(s):

Volcanic Field ◽

Main Peak ◽

Eruption Column ◽

Basaltic Lava ◽

Shield Volcano ◽

Magmatic Evolution ◽

Tianchi Volcano ◽

Volcanic Processes ◽

Bulk Volume ◽

Millennium Eruption

AbstractThe Changbaishan volcanic field located on the Gaima (Gaema, Gaiman) Plateau witnessed plateau-forming eruptions along with the uplift of the Gaima Plateau. The Tianchi basaltic lava shield volcano was formed at the main peak of Changbaishan, with cone construction eruptions that formed a huge and steep trachytic composite cone on the gentle lava shield. At the peak of the Millennium Eruption (ME), height of the eruption column (HB) reached 25 km and the bulk volume of tephra was about 120 km3. The ME eventually formed Tianchi caldera, after which several eruptions occurred, albeit of a much smaller scale.The magmas involved in the shield-forming eruptions are characterized by both alkalic series trachybasalt and basaltic trachyandesite and subalkalic tholeiite and basaltic andesite. In the cone-construction and ignimbrite-forming eruption stages, the magma is completely composed of alkalic series trachyte and comendite. The largest negative Eu anomalies observed in ME magmas indicate that plagioclase was strongly crystallized and differentiated.

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