Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2 (NOD2) regulates type-1 cytokine responses to Mycobacterium avium but is not required for host control of infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália B. Carvalho ◽  
Fernanda S. Oliveira ◽  
Fábio A.V. Marinho ◽  
Leonardo A. de Almeida ◽  
Júlia S. Fahel ◽  
...  
2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (19) ◽  
pp. 9657-9663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palanivel Velupillai ◽  
John P. Carroll ◽  
Thomas L. Benjamin

ABSTRACT Mice of the PERA/Ei strain (PE mice) are highly susceptible to tumor induction by polyomavirus and transmit their susceptibility in a dominant manner in crosses with resistant C57BR/cdJ mice (BR mice). BR mice respond to polyomavirus infection with a type 1 cytokine response and develop effective cell-mediated immunity to the virus-induced tumors. By enumerating virus-specific CD8+ T cells and measuring cytokine responses, we show that the susceptibility of PE mice is due to the absence of a type 1 cytokine response and a concomitant failure to sustain virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (PE × BR)F1 mice showed an initial type 1 response that became skewed toward type 2. Culture supernatants of splenocytes from infected PE mice stimulated in vitro contained high levels of interleukin-10 and no detectable gamma interferon, while those from BR mice showed the opposite pattern. Differences in the innate immune response to polyomavirus by antigen-presenting cells in PE mice and BR mice led to polarization of T-cell cytokine responses. Adherent cells from spleens of infected BR mice produced high levels of interleukin-12, while those from infected PE and F1 mice produced predominantly interleukin-10. PE and F1 mice infected by polyomavirus responded with increases in antigen-presenting cells expressing B7.2 costimulatory molecules, whereas BR mice responded with increased expression of B7.1. Administration of recombinant interleukin-12 along with virus resulted in partial protection of PE mice and provided complete protection against tumor development in F1 animals.


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DENISE FAHERTY ◽  
RAJEEV WARRIER ◽  
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Vol 183 (2) ◽  
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Author(s):  
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FEBS Journal ◽  
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...  

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