scholarly journals Why flavored vape products may be attractive: Green apple tobacco flavor elicits reward-related behavior, upregulates nAChRs on VTA dopamine neurons, and alters midbrain dopamine and GABA neuron function

2019 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 107729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia J. Avelar ◽  
Austin T. Akers ◽  
Zachary J. Baumgard ◽  
Skylar Y. Cooper ◽  
Gabriella P. Casinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Gaba Neuron ◽  
Midbrain Dopamine ◽  
Neuron Function

Molecular heterogeneity of midbrain dopamine neurons

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. A2.1
Author(s):  
Siew-Lan Ang
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Midbrain Dopamine ◽  
Midbrain Dopamine Neurons

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Potential of a Small Molecule RET Agonist in Cultured Dopamine Neurons and Hemiparkinsonian Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Juho-Matti Renko ◽  
Arun Kumar Mahato ◽  
Tanel Visnapuu ◽  
Konsta Valkonen ◽  
Mati Karelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Dopamine Depletion ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapy ◽  
Immortalized Cells ◽  
Midbrain Dopamine ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder where loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and dopamine depletion in the striatum cause characteristic motor symptoms. Currently, no treatment is able to halt the progression of PD. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) rescues degenerating dopamine neurons both in vitro and in animal models of PD. When tested in PD patients, however, the outcomes from intracranial GDNF infusion paradigms have been inconclusive, mainly due to poor pharmacokinetic properties. Objective: We have developed drug-like small molecules, named BT compounds that activate signaling through GDNF’s receptor, the transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase RET, both in vitro and in vivo and are able to penetrate through the blood-brain barrier. Here we evaluated the properties of BT44, a second generation RET agonist, in immortalized cells, dopamine neurons and rat 6-hydroxydopamine model of PD. Methods: We used biochemical, immunohistochemical and behavioral methods to evaluate the effects of BT44 on dopamine system in vitro and in vivo. Results: BT44 selectively activated RET and intracellular pro-survival AKT and MAPK signaling pathways in immortalized cells. In primary midbrain dopamine neurons cultured in serum-deprived conditions, BT44 promoted the survival of the neurons derived from wild-type, but not from RET knockout mice. BT44 also protected cultured wild-type dopamine neurons from MPP +-induced toxicity. In a rat 6-hydroxydopamine model of PD, BT44 reduced motor imbalance and could have protected dopaminergic fibers in the striatum. Conclusion: BT44 holds potential for further development into a novel, possibly disease-modifying therapy for PD.

Deletion of VGLUT2 in midbrain dopamine neurons attenuates dopamine and glutamate responses to methamphetamine in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 173104
Author(s):  
Hui Shen ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
Rosa Anna M. Marino ◽  
Ross A. McDevitt ◽  
Zheng-Xiong Xi
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Midbrain Dopamine ◽  
Midbrain Dopamine Neurons

Not all dopamine neurons are created equal: Functional heterogeneity of midbrain dopamine axons

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1481-1481
Author(s):  
Colton R. Zwart ◽  
Jennifer T. Lamberts
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Functional Heterogeneity ◽  
Midbrain Dopamine
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