Abstract
It is well-established that exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] induces genotoxic damage. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of resveratrol to counteract hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]-induced genetic damage, as well as possible pathways that may be associated with this protection. Hsd:ICR male mice were divided into groups of 5 each and treated as follows: a) control 1, distilled water; b) control 2, ethanol 30%; c) resveratrol, 50 mg/kg by gavage; d) CrO3, 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally; and e) resveratrol in addition to CrO3 (resveratrol+CrO3), with resveratrol administered 4 hr prior to CrO3. The frequency of micronuclei (MN) and cytotoxicity were measured in peripheral blood at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hr, while 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine) adduct repair levels, endogenous antioxidant system biomarkers and apoptosis at 48 hr after treatments. Resveratrol administration increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT). CrO3 treatment elevated GPx and CAT activities. Resveratrol reduced the frequency of Cr(VI)-induced rise in MN and without significant effect on levels of 8-OHdG adduct when administered alone, suggesting that this polyphenol-mediated cellular repair does not involve 8-OHdG adduct formation. Concomitant administration of resveratrol and Cr(VI)-resulted in return of activities of SOD, GPx and CAT to control levels accompanied by decreased glutathione levels suggesting that the endogenous antioxidant system might play an important role in resveratrol-mediated inhibition of Cr(VI)-induced oxidant toxicity. The increase in apoptotic cell number in resveratrol+CrO3 group as well as diminished necrosis further affirms that resveratrol effectively blocked the actions of Cr(VI).
Protective effect of resveratrol against hexavalent chromium-induced genotoxic damage in Hsd:ICR male mice
