Intrapreputial infection of young bulls with bovine herpesvirus type 1.2 (BHV-1.2): acute balanoposthitis, latent infection and detection of viral DNA in regional neural and non-neural tissues 50 days after experimental reactivation

Like other members of the alpha subfamily of herpesviruses, bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) establishes latent infections in sensory neurons. BHV-1 induces apoptosis in lymphoid cells in vivo and in epithelial cell lines, but the ability of BHV-1 to induce apoptosis in sensory neurons remains unknown. In this report, the susceptibility of rabbit ganglionic neurons to infection by BHV-1 was examined in vitro and in vivo. Following infection of cultured neurons with BHV-1, hallmarks of apoptosis such as chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and membrane blebbing were detected. The appearance of these changes was preceded by active viral DNA replication as determined by in situ hybridization. When viral DNA replication was blocked by treatment of cultures with an inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA polymerases, apoptosis but not virus attachment to neurons or bICP0 gene expression was completely prevented. Taken together, these results demonstrate that sensory neurons are not intrinsically resistant to BHV-1-induced apoptosis and that viral DNA replication plays a role in triggering the apoptotic programme. Infection of rabbits with BHV-1 resulted in pathological changes in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) which included mononuclear cell infiltration and neuronophagia. Morphological evidence of apoptosis was not detected in neurons, even in cells with advanced cytophatology. Furthermore, whereas DNA fragmentation was common in infiltrating cells, it was very rare and sporadic in neurons. Therefore, mechanisms in the TG should exist to prevent neuronal apoptosis upon BHV-1 infection.

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Acute and latent infection by bovine herpesvirus type 2 in a guinea pig model

Microbial Pathogenesis ◽

10.1016/j.micpath.2009.11.003 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 69-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fabrício Dias Torres ◽

Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti ◽

Eduardo Kenji Masuda ◽

Rudi Weiblen ◽

Eduardo Furtado Flores

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Latent Infection ◽

Bovine Herpesvirus ◽

Pig Model ◽

Herpesvirus Type ◽

Guinea Pig Model

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Experimental infection of sheep with bovine herpesvirus type-5 (BHV-5): acute and latent infection

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/s0378-1135(98)00305-8 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 89-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Silva A.M ◽

R Weiblen ◽

L.F Irigoyen ◽

P.M Roehe ◽

H.J Sur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Infection ◽

Latent Infection ◽

Bovine Herpesvirus ◽

Herpesvirus Type ◽

Bovine Herpesvirus Type 5

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A thymidine kinase-deleted bovine herpesvirus 5 establishes latent infection but reactivates poorly in a sheep model

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2013000300010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 331-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gustavo C. Cadore ◽

Marcelo Weiss ◽

Deniz Anziliero ◽

Mário Celso S. Brum ◽

Rudi Weiblen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thymidine Kinase ◽

Recombinant Virus ◽

Latent Infection ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Bovine Herpesvirus ◽

Parental Virus ◽

Virus Reactivation ◽

Viral Dna ◽

Sheep Model ◽

Nasal Swabs

The ability of thymidine kinase (tk)-deleted recombinant bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5tkΔ) to establish and reactivate latent infection was investigated in lambs. During acute infection, the recombinant virus replicated moderately in the nasal mucosa, yet to lower titers than the parental strain. At day 40 post-infection (pi), latent viral DNA was detected in trigeminal ganglia (TG) of all lambs in both groups. However, the amount of recombinant viral DNA in TGs was lower (9.7-fold less) than that of the parental virus as determined by quantitative real time PCR. Thus, tk deletion had no apparent effect on the frequency of latent infection but reduced colonization of TG. Upon dexamethasone (Dx) administration at day 40 pi, lambs inoculated with parental virus shed infectious virus in nasal secretions, contrasting with lack of infectivity in secretions of lambs inoculated with the recombinant virus. Nevertheless, some nasal swabs from the recombinant virus group were positive for viral DNA by PCR, indicating low levels of reactivation. Thus, BoHV-5 TK activity is not required for establishment of latency, but seems critical for efficient virus reactivation upon Dx treatment.

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Bovine herpesvirus type 1 in cumulus-oocyte complexes collected from naturally infected cows

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2016000500031 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 676-679 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andre Penido Oliveira ◽

Marcos Bryan Heinemann ◽

Adriana Cortez ◽

Paula Maria Pires do Nascimento ◽

Romulo Cerqueira Leite ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Follicular Fluid ◽

Neutralization Test ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Bovine Herpesvirus ◽

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ◽

Viral Dna ◽

Herpesvirus Type ◽

Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 ◽

Serum Neutralization Test

Abstract: The objective of this work was to investigate the presence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) in follicular fluid and in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) recovered from naturally infected cows but with no clinical signs of the disease. Cows that were seropositive (n=38) or seronegative (n=8, control) to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis were selected after a serum neutralization test in microplates. The presence of the virus was investigated by PCR in COC and in follicular fluid. Viral DNA was not found in any of the samples. The obtained results suggest that serologically positive cows with no clinical signs of the disease offer negligible risk of transmitting BoHV-1 by COC or follicular fluid.

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