Evaluation of four serological techniques to determine the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and coyotes (Canis latrans) on Prince Edward Island, Canada

An understanding of the population dynamics and habitat of wild Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and Coyotes (Canis latrans) is a prerequisite to wildlife management. This information is also important in assessing the risk these wild canids pose to the public and domestic animals. On Prince Edward Island, information on age, sex, reproductive activity, and habitat use of 271 Red Foxes and 201 Coyotes was collected in the hunting and trapping season of 2004–2005. The estimated age of Red Foxes and Coyotes ranged from 0.5 to 13.5 years. A large proportion of harvested Red Foxes and Coyotes (58% and 48%, respectively) consisted of juveniles. The sex ratio was not significantly different from 1:1 for either species. Average litter size was 5.0 and 5.2 for Red Foxes and Coyotes, respectively. Number of placental scars ranged from 0 to 7 in Red Foxes and from 0 to 11 in Coyotes. Agricultural areas were the main habitat type (52%) of harvested Red Foxes. For harvested Coyotes, forest was the main habitat (44%), followed closely by agricultural areas (43%). Urban areas were a significant part (13%) of the habitat of Red Foxes. These data can be used to monitor population dynamics over time, provide information for wildlife management, and provide information on potential risk areas for disease transmission by wild canids.

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NEOSPORA CANINUM–LIKE OOCYSTS OBSERVED IN FECES OF FREE-RANGING RED FOXES (VULPES VULPES) AND COYOTES (CANIS LATRANS)

Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.1645/ge-913r.1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 92 (6) ◽

pp. 1270-1274 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Wendela Wapenaar ◽

Mark C. Jenkins ◽

Ryan M. O'Handley ◽

Herman W. Barkema

Keyword(s):

Vulpes Vulpes ◽

Canis Latrans ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Red Foxes ◽

Free Ranging

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Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Ireland as hosts for parasites of potential zoonotic and veterinary significance

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.149.25.759 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 149 (25) ◽

pp. 759-763 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

A. Wolfe ◽

S. Hogan ◽

D. Maguire ◽

C. Fitzpatrick ◽

G. Mulcahy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Vulpes Vulpes ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Toxocara Canis ◽

Red Foxes ◽

Alaria Alata

Intestinal washes, faecal flotations and serological examinations for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum were used to assess the prevalence of parasites in carcases of foxes killed on roads or shot in the Dublin area and surrounding counties. The ascarids Uncinaria stenocephala and Toxocara canis were prevalent, as was the trematode Alaria alata. Taenia species, eggs of Capillaria species and sporocysts of Sarcocystis species were also found. Only one fox out of 70 examined was seropositive for N caninum, whereas 24 of 51 were seropositive for Tgondii.

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Low Prevalence ofEchinococcus multilocularisin Michigan, U.S.A.: A Survey of Coyotes (Canis latrans), Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and Gray Foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), 2009–2012

Comparative Parasitology ◽

10.1654/4752.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 285-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Julie R. Melotti ◽

Patrick M. Muzzall ◽

Daniel J. O’Brien ◽

Thomas M. Cooley ◽

Jean I. Tsao

Keyword(s):

Vulpes Vulpes ◽

Canis Latrans ◽

Urocyon Cinereoargenteus ◽

Red Foxes ◽

Low Prevalence

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Prevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Coyotes (Canis latrans) and Experimental Infections of Coyotes with Neospora caninum

Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.2307/3283798 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 82 (4) ◽

pp. 657 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

David S. Lindsay ◽

E. Jane Kelly ◽

Richard D. McKown ◽

Franklin J. Stein ◽

John Plozer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Canis Latrans ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Experimental Infections

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Seroprevalences of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Swedish red foxes (Vulpes vulpes)

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/s0304-4017(01)00513-1 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 102 (1-2) ◽

pp. 167-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

E.-B. Jakubek ◽

C. Bröjer ◽

C. Regnersen ◽

A. Uggla ◽

G. Schares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Vulpes Vulpes ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Red Foxes

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Diet reveals potential for competition and coexistence among coyotes (Canis latrans), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/cjz-2021-0103 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Henry Masters ◽

Christine R Maher

Keyword(s):

Vulpes Vulpes ◽

Canis Latrans ◽

Trophic Position ◽

Stomach Contents ◽

Isotopic Niche ◽

Early Winter ◽

Urocyon Cinereoargenteus ◽

Red Foxes ◽

Δ13c And Δ15n ◽

Hair Samples

Species can alleviate competition by reducing diet overlap. Nonnative coyotes (Canis latrans (Say, 1823)) and historically native gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Schreber, 1775)) have expanded their ranges and may compete with native red foxes (Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758)). To examine potential competition among canids in Maine, we compared δ13C and δ15N from muscle and hair samples to assess relative resource use, and we compared frequency of occurrence of prey items from stomach contents to assess diets. For these species, red foxes consumed anthropogenically-based foods the most in fall-early winter, gray foxes consumed anthropogenically-based foods the most in summer, and coyotes consumed anthropogenically-based foods the least in all seasons. Coyotes held the highest relative trophic position in fall-early winter, red foxes held the highest relative trophic position in summer, and gray foxes held the lowest relative trophic position. Based on stomach contents, gray foxes had the broadest diet and consumed the most plants, and coyotes had the narrowest diet. Red foxes were the only species to show isotopic niche overlap with both potential competitors across seasons. Thus they may be most susceptible to competitive exclusion among these canids, with implications for community dynamics as ranges shift due to human activity.

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