Visual Hallucinations After a Russell’s Viper Bite

SummarySuitable conditions were found for the generation of autoprothrombin C from purified prothrombin with the use of Russell’s viper venom or trypsin. DEAE chromatographed prothrombin is structurally altered and has never been found to yield autoprothrombin C and also did not yield it when Russell’s viper venom or trypsin were used. Autoprothrombin C is derived from prothrombin with tissue extract thromboplastin, but not in large amounts with the intrinsic clotting factors. With the latter thrombin and autoprothrombin III are the chief activation products. Autoprothrombin III concentrates were prepared from serum and upon activation with 25% sodium citrate solution or with Russell’s viper venom large amounts of autoprothrombin C were obtained, and this was of high specific activity. Theoretically trypsin is not a thrombolytic agent, but on the contrary should lead to intravascular clotting.

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Visual hallucinations with iminodibenzyl ANTIDEPRESSANTS

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.198.1.199 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 198 (1) ◽

pp. 199-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. W. Hudgens

Keyword(s):

Visual Hallucinations

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Complex Visual Hallucinations in the Elderly

Annals of Clinical Psychiatry ◽

10.3109/10401239009150003 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 29-32

Author(s):

Balu Kalayam ◽

George Alexopoulos ◽

Norman Miller ◽

Jonathan Holt

Keyword(s):

The Elderly ◽

Visual Hallucinations

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Visual Hallucinations and Dementia With Lewy Bodies

Archives of Neurology ◽

10.1001/archneur.57.12.1792 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 57 (12) ◽

pp. 1792-1792 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Serby

Keyword(s):

Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽

Lewy Bodies ◽

Visual Hallucinations

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FDG-PET Scanning Shows Distributed Changes in Cortical Activity Associated with Visual Hallucinations in Eye Disease

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530318666180830112709 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 84-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lütfü Hanoglu ◽

Sultan Yildiz ◽

Tansel Cakir ◽

Taha Hanoglu ◽

Burak Yulug

Keyword(s):

Visual Cortex ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Visual Hallucinations ◽

Charles Bonnet Syndrome ◽

Pet Scanning ◽

Inferior Parietal Cortex ◽

Visual Deafferentation

Background and Objective: Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) has been defined as complex visual hallucinations (CVH) due to visual loss. The underlying mechanism of CBS is not clear and the underlying pathophysiology of the visual hallucinations in CBS patients and pure visually impaired patients is still not clear. </P><P> Methods: In our study, we have scanned three patients with eye disease and CBS (VH+) and three patients with eye disease without CBS (VH-) using FDG-PET. Results: Our results showed underactivity in the pons and overactivity in primary right left visual cortex and inferior parietal cortex in VH- patients and underactivity in left Broca, left inf frontal primary visual cortex and anterior and posterior cingulate cortex in VH+ patients relative to the normative 18FFDG PET data that was taken from the database consisting of 50 age-matched healthy adults without neuropsychiatric disorders. Conclusion: From this distributed pattern of activity changes, we conclude that the generation of visual hallucination in CBS is associated with bottom-up and top-down mechanism rather than the generally accepted visual deafferentation-related hyperexcitability theory.

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Voltage-gated potassium channel limbic encephalitis presenting as functional cognitive impairment

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2019-233179 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. e233179

Author(s):

Eric Garrels ◽

Fawziya Huq ◽

Gavin McKay

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Case Report ◽

Potassium Channel ◽

Limbic Encephalitis ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Differential Diagnoses ◽

Visual Hallucinations ◽

Voltage Gated ◽

History Of ◽

Impaired Cognition

Limbic encephalitis is often reported to present as seizures and impaired cognition with little focus on psychiatric presentations. In this case report, we present a 49-year-old man who initially presented to the Psychiatric Liaison Service with a several month history of confusion with the additional emergence of visual hallucinations and delusions. Due to the inconsistent nature of the symptoms in the context of a major financial stressor, a provisional functional cognitive impairment diagnosis was made. Investigations later revealed a positive titre of voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) antibodies, subtype leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 accounting for his symptoms which dramatically resolved with steroids and immunoglobulins. This case highlighted the need for maintaining broad differential diagnoses in a patient presenting with unusual psychiatric symptoms.

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