Effects of human milk and infant formula on the development of gastric myoelectrical activity in preterm infants

The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental process of gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA) in preterm infants. Nineteen healthy preterm infants were studied. GMA was recorded using surface electrogastrography, and six follow-up studies were performed in each subject. Spectral analysis methods were applied to compute the parameters of the electrogastrogram (EGG). The results showed that there was a developmental process of GMA with age during the first 6 mo of life. 1) The percentage of normal slow waves showed a progressive increase after birth (36.7 ± 6.1, 37.8 ± 6.2, 47.0 ± 10.0, 52.2 ± 12.2, 55.2 ± 9.7, and 65.8 ± 13.5% at 1 and 2 wk and 1, 2, 4, and 6 mo, respectively); 2) there was a significant postprandial increase in the percentage of normal slow waves during the first 2 mo after birth; and 3) the percentages of normal slow waves for different gestation ages were not statistically significant. In conclusion, the percentage of normal slow waves is low at birth and there is a developmental process that may be stimulated by enteral feeding.

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Growth and Biochemical Response of Preterm Infants Fed Human Milk or Modified Infant Formula

New England Journal of Medicine ◽

10.1056/nejm198302033080501 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 308 (5) ◽

pp. 237-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 146

Author(s):

Steven J. Gross

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Infant Formula ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Biochemical Response

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Growth, Tolerance, and Morbidity of Preterm Infants Fed Exclusively Human Milk, Exclusively Preterm Infant Formula, or a Combination of Human Milk and a Preterm Infant Formula until Term Corrected Age (CA)

Pediatric Research ◽

10.1203/00006450-199904020-01710 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 45 (4, Part 2 of 2) ◽

pp. 287A-287A ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D L O'Connor ◽

R T Hall ◽

D Adamkin ◽

W Connor ◽

A Lucas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Preterm Infant ◽

Infant Formula ◽

Preterm Infants

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Differences in Circulating Carnitine Status of Preterm Infants Fed Fortified Human Milk or Preterm Infant Formula

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition ◽

10.1097/mpg.0b013e31829fad06 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 673-676 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Judit Bene ◽

Katalin Komlósi ◽

Bela I. Melegh ◽

Tamás Decsi ◽

Berthold Koletzko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Preterm Infant ◽

Infant Formula ◽

Preterm Infants

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Bovine colostrum improves neonatal growth, digestive function, and gut immunity relative to donor human milk and infant formula in preterm pigs

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00139.2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 311 (3) ◽

pp. G480-G491 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Stine O. Rasmussen ◽

Lena Martin ◽

Mette V. Østergaard ◽

Silvia Rudloff ◽

Yanqi Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Human Milk ◽

Infant Formula ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Bovine Colostrum ◽

Body Growth ◽

Altered Expression ◽

Donor Human Milk ◽

Brush Border Enzyme ◽

Gut Maturation

Mother's own milk is the optimal first diet for preterm infants, but donor human milk (DM) or infant formula (IF) is used when supply is limited. We hypothesized that a gradual introduction of bovine colostrum (BC) or DM improves gut maturation, relative to IF during the first 11 days after preterm birth. Preterm pigs were fed gradually advancing doses of BC, DM, or IF (3–15 ml·kg−1·3 h−1, n = 14–18) before measurements of gut structure, function, microbiology, and immunology. The BC pigs showed higher body growth, intestinal hexose uptake, and transit time and reduced diarrhea and gut permeability, relative to DM and IF pigs ( P < 0.05). Relative to IF pigs, BC pigs also had lower density of mucosa-associated bacteria and of some putative pathogens in colon, together with higher intestinal villi, mucosal mass, brush-border enzyme activities, colonic short chain fatty acid levels, and bacterial diversity and an altered expression of immune-related genes (higher TNFα, IL17; lower IL8, TLR2, TFF, MUC1, MUC2) (all P < 0.05). Values in DM pigs were intermediate. Severe necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was observed in >50% of IF pigs, while only subclinical intestinal lesions were evident from DM and BC pigs. BC, and to some degree DM, are superior to preterm IF in stimulating gut maturation and body growth, using a gradual advancement of enteral feeding volume over the first 11 days after preterm birth in piglets. Whether the same is true in preterm infants remains to be tested.

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