scholarly journals Mechanisms of lung hemorrhage induced by asebotoxin III in the brain of guinea pig

1981 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Kazumi Takeya ◽  
Nobuo Harada ◽  
Yoshihiro Hotta ◽  
Hiroaki Ando
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Lung Hemorrhage ◽  
The Brain

Phase-Locked Responses to Pure Tones in the Inferior Colliculus

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 1926-1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Fa Liu ◽  
Alan R. Palmer ◽  
Mark N. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Cortex ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Ascending Pathways ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
The Brain

In the auditory system, some ascending pathways preserve the precise timing information present in a temporal code of frequency. This can be measured by studying responses that are phase-locked to the stimulus waveform. At each stage along a pathway, there is a reduction in the upper frequency limit of the phase-locking and an increase in the steady-state latency. In the guinea pig, phase-locked responses to pure tones have been described at various levels from auditory nerve to neocortex but not in the inferior colliculus (IC). Therefore we made recordings from 161 single units in guinea pig IC. Of these single units, 68% (110/161) showed phase-locked responses. Cells that phase-locked were mainly located in the central nucleus but also occurred in the dorsal cortex and external nucleus. The upper limiting frequency of phase-locking varied greatly between units (80−1,034 Hz) and between anatomical divisions. The upper limits in the three divisions were central nucleus, >1,000 Hz; dorsal cortex, 700 Hz; external nucleus, 320 Hz. The mean latencies also varied and were central nucleus, 8.2 ± 2.8 (SD) ms; dorsal cortex, 17.2 ms; external nucleus, 13.3 ms. We conclude that many cells in the central nucleus receive direct inputs from the brain stem, whereas cells in the external and dorsal divisions receive input from other structures that may include the forebrain.

scholarly journals Odor-Driven Activity in the Olfactory Cortex of an In Vitro Isolated Guinea Pig Whole Brain With Olfactory Epithelium

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 670-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Ishikawa ◽  
Takaaki Sato ◽  
Akira Shimizu ◽  
Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui ◽  
Marco de Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Initial Component ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Olfactory Neural Network ◽  
The Brain

We developed a new technique to isolate a whole guinea pig brain with an intact olfactory epithelium (OE) that enables us to access the ventral surface of the brain including olfactory areas with ease during natural odor stimulation. We applied odorants to OE and confirmed that odor-induced local field potentials (LFPs) could be induced in olfactory areas. In the olfactory bulb (OB) and the piriform cortex (PC), odor-induced LFPs consisted of a phasic initial component followed by a fast activity oscillation in the beta range (20 Hz). To understand the neural mechanisms of odor-induced responses especially in the anterior PC, we analyzed odor-induced LFPs, together with unit activity data. We confirmed that the initial component of odor-induced response has a characteristic temporal pattern, generated by a relatively weak direct afferent input, followed by an intra-cortical associative response, which was associated with a phasic inhibition. The beta oscillation might be formed by the repetition of these network activities. These electrophysiological data were consistent with the results of previous studies that used slice or in vivo preparations, suggesting that the olfactory neural network and activities of the brain are preserved in our new in vitro preparation. This study provides the basis for clarifying the sequence of neural activities underlying odor information processing in the brain in vitro following natural olfactory stimulation.

The Effects of Thalidomide on the Electrical Activity of the Brain in the Intrauterine Guinea-Pig Foetus

Pharmacology ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Bergström ◽  
Lea Bergström ◽  
P. Putkonen ◽  
K. Sainio
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals LABORATORY TRANSMISSION OF WESTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS BY MOSQUITOES OF THE GENERA CULEX AND CULISETA

1943 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. McD. Hammon ◽  
W. C. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Culex Tarsalis ◽  
Epidemiologic Evidence ◽  
Anopheles Maculipennis ◽  
Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
Culiseta Inornata ◽  
Western Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
Culex Stigmatosoma ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Culiseta Incidens

1. Western equine virus has been successfully transmitted in the laboratory by 3 species of mosquitoes from 2 genera not previously reported as laboratory vectors: Culex tarsalis, Culiseta inornata, and Culiseta incidens. 2. Though transmission was not demonstrated, survival of the virus for more than a few days was shown to occur in Culex stigmatosoma and Psorophora confinnis. Possibly transmission occurred by the former. 3. In experiments with Culex tarsalis, infection of the mosquitoes occurred from feeding on an inoculated guinea pig, a duck, and virus-blood suspensions. After an incubation period of 10 to 30 days at a temperature above 25°C. these mosquitoes infected chickens and a guinea pig by their bite and virus was in turn demonstrated in the blood of the chickens and in the brain of the guinea pig. A total of 12 transmissions occurred. The fact that mosquitoes can be infected from fowl and in turn transmit to fowl, together with much other supporting data from field and laboratory, is interpreted as strengthening evidence that fowl serve as reservoirs of virus in nature. 4. Since Culex tarsalis mosquitoes have been repeatedly found infected with Western equine virus and epidemiologic evidence supports their incrimination, the vector rôle of this species is now established, and it may be regarded as fully incriminated. 5. Culiseta inornata has also been found infected in nature and now proven a laboratory vector. This species does not fit the epidemiological picture in the Yakima Valley as well as C. tarsalis, but may play an important rôle elsewhere. 6. Anopheles maculipennis freeborni and Culex pipiens found naturally infected have not transmitted the virus under laboratory conditions.

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