Marie Curie – the founder of the Radium Institute in Warsaw

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Gwiazdowska ◽  
Wojciech Bulski
Keyword(s):  
Marie Curie ◽  
Radium Institute

Ellen Gleditsch: Woman Chemist in IUPAC’s Early History

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Annette Lykknes
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Early History ◽  
Joint Commission ◽  
Marie Curie ◽  
Radium Institute ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Ellen Gleditsch ◽  
Scientific Endeavour ◽  
Mineral Analyses

Abstract In 1907, a 28-year-old Norwegian pharmacist-chemist arrived in Paris to work with Marie Curie at the Radium Institute. Like many women at the time, Ellen Gleditsch was attracted to the newly discovered phenomenon of radioactivity and wished take part in exciting scientific endeavour. Working with the Nobel Laureate Marie Curie was a unique opportunity for the ambitious young chemist, whose skills in mineral analyses led to her being accepted into the otherwise fully staffed laboratory. By all accounts, Ellen Gleditsch appears to have been one of the first women associated with IUPAC. In 1921 she was the Norwegian representative of the committee working on the Tables Annuelles de Constantes et Données Numériques de Chimie, de Physique et de Technologie [1], published under the auspices of IUPAC with the agreement of the International Research Council. In the following year she was a member of the Commission on Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry during its meeting in Lyon [2]. In 1947 Gleditsch became a full member of the Joint Commission of Standards and Units of Radioactivity, joining her friends Frédéric and Irène Joliot-Curie in this capacity, and all three continued to be members until the Commission’s dissolution in 1955 [3]. IUPAC was the mother union of this Joint Commission, and directly linked with International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU).

Marie Curie, le spectre des figures

2007 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Chervin
Keyword(s):  
Marie Curie

Artificial Radioactivity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger H. Stuewer
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Isotope ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Enrico Fermi ◽  
Marie Curie ◽  
Artificial Radioactivity ◽  
Geiger Muller Counter

Frédéric Joliot discovered artificial radioactivity on January 11, 1934, when he bombarded aluminum with polonium alpha particles and produced a radioactive isotope of phosphorus that decayed by emitting a positron. He detected it with a Geiger–Müller counter that Wolfgang Gentner had constructed for him. Two months later, Enrico Fermi, motivated in part by an insight of his first assistant, Gian Carlo Wick, decided to see if neutrons also could produce artificial radioactivity. The transformation of a neutron into a proton in a nucleus should create an electron, so to increase their number and hence the probability of creating an electron, he bombarded various elements with intense sources of neutrons, and on March 20, 1934, with aluminum he observed the created electrons and thereby discovered neutron-induced artificial radioactivity. Less than four months later, Marie Curie died on July 4, 1934, at age sixty-six.

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