Geochemistry of some deep gold mine waters from the western portion of the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Duane ◽  
G. Pigozzi ◽  
C. Harris
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Witwatersrand Basin ◽  
Western Portion

Dating ultra-deep mine waters with noble gases and 36Cl, Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa

2003 ◽  
Vol 67 (23) ◽  
pp. 4597-4619 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lippmann ◽  
M. Stute ◽  
T. Torgersen ◽  
D.P. Moser ◽  
J.A. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Noble Gases ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Witwatersrand Basin ◽  
Deep Mine

Tectono‐metamorphic setting and paragenetic sequence of Au‐U mineralisation in the Archaean Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa

1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Robb ◽  
E. G. Charlesworth ◽  
G. R. Drennan ◽  
R. L. Gibson ◽  
E. L. Tongu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Witwatersrand Basin ◽  
Paragenetic Sequence

scholarly journals Palaeoclimates: the first two billion years

2006 ◽  
Vol 361 (1470) ◽  
pp. 917-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F Kasting ◽  
Shuhei Ono
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Oxygen Isotopes ◽  
Natural Explanation ◽  
Witwatersrand Basin ◽  
Late Archaean ◽  
Bacterial Sulphate Reduction ◽  
Climatic Constraints ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Earth’S Climate

Earth's climate during the Archaean remains highly uncertain, as the relevant geologic evidence is sparse and occasionally contradictory. Oxygen isotopes in cherts suggest that between 3.5 and 3.2 Gyr ago (Ga) the Archaean climate was hot (55–85 °C); however, the fact that these cherts have experienced only a modest amount of weathering suggests that the climate was temperate, as today. The presence of diamictites in the Pongola Supergroup and the Witwatersrand Basin of South Africa suggests that by 2.9 Ga the climate was glacial. The Late Archaean was relatively warm; then glaciation (possibly of global extent) reappeared in the Early Palaeoproterozoic, around 2.3–2.4 Ga. Fitting these climatic constraints with a model requires high concentrations of atmospheric CO 2 or CH 4 , or both. Solar luminosity was 20–25% lower than today, so elevated greenhouse gas concentrations were needed just to keep the mean surface temperature above freezing. A rise in O 2 at approximately 2.4 Ga, and a concomitant decrease in CH 4 , provides a natural explanation for the Palaeoproterozoic glaciations. The Mid-Archaean glaciations may have been caused by a drawdown in H 2 and CH 4 caused by the origin of bacterial sulphate reduction. More work is needed to test this latter hypothesis.

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