Stratigraphic Study for the Cretaceous-Tertiary period in Qasab-Jawan area in north weastern Iraq by using 2D seismic survey

A seismic study was conducted to re-interpret the Qasab and Jawan Oil fields in northwestern Iraq, south of the city of Mosul, by reprocessing many seismic sections of a number of field surveys by using the Petrel software. Two reflectors, represented by the Hartha formation, deposited during the Cretan age, and the Euphrates formation, formed during the Tertiary age, were delineated to stabilize the structural picture of these fields. The stratigraphic study showed that the Qasab and Jawan fields represent areas of hydrocarbon accumulation. Seismic attribute analysis showed low values of instantaneous frequency in the areas of hydrocarbon accumulation. Instantaneous phase was used to determine the limits of the sequence, the nature of sedimentation, and the type of vanishing, i.e. onlap vs. toplap. Low instantaneous amplitude values were recorded, indicating hydrocarbon reservoirs in the studied area. Various other seismic stratigraphic features were studied , including the distribution mound, flat spot, and channels in the two formations, but they were discontinuous because of the tectonic effects. These activities explain reasonably the distribution of hydrocarbons in the studied area.

Seismic attribute analysis of a fault zone in the Thebe field, NW Shelf, Australia

Seismic data is one of the main ways to characterize faults in the subsurface. Faults are 3D entities and their internal structure play a key role in controlling fluid flow in the subsurface. We aim to characterize a geologically sound fault volume that could be used for subsurface model conditioning. We present an attribute analysis of a normal fault from a high resolution seismic dataset of the Thebe Field, offshore NW Australia. We merge together a series of common attributes for fault characterization: dip, semblance and tensor (DST), and we also introduce a new Total Horizontal Derivative (THD) attribute to define the edges of the fault zone. We apply a robust statistical analysis of the attributes and fault damage definition through the analysis of 2D profiles along interpreted horizons. Using the THD attribute, we interpret a smaller width of the fault zone and a more straightforward definition of the boundaries than from the DST cube. Following the extraction of this fault volume, we define two seismic facies that are correlated to lithologies extracted from our conceptual model. We observe a wider fault zone at larger throws, which corresponds also to syn-rift sequence, hence more complex internal fault damage. Our method provides volumes at adequate scale for reservoir modeling and could therefore be used as a proxy for property conditioning.

Analysis of Attributes that Become Consumer Preferences in Choosing Indonature Table Furniture Products

Ud. Indonature is a company engaged in furniture, especially coffee table located on the island of Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Furniture made of solid wood such as Teak and Trembesi wood. In recent years there has been a decrease in the company’s turnover therefore it takes product innovation to increase sales. With the need to develop coffee table furniture products more clearly, researchers decided to conduct research on Attribute Analysis that Becomes Consumer Preferences in Choosing Indonature Table Furniture Products. This study aims to find out and analyze the combination of attributes that become consumer preferences in purchasing Indonature coffee table products and to know and analyze the most important coffee table attributes for Indonature consumers. The problem formulation in this study is, firstly, what combination of attributes are the consumer preference in buying coffee table into nature products and the second is what are the most important attributes of coffee table products for indonature consumers. The results of conjoin analysis showed that the most preferred and most important combination according to consumers is made of trembesi wood material with arch form, has a natural wood finishing and rustic design.

Valuasi Dampak Banjir Di Kabupaten Landak, Kalimantan Barat

Banjir merupakan becana yang kerap sekali terjadi pada musim hujan, banjir dapat menyebabkan kehilangan harta benda maupun korban jiwa. Valuasi ekonomi akibat terjadinya banjir adalah salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk menghitung kerugian akibat terjadinya bencana banjir. Tidak adanya kajian mengenai kerentanan dan kerugian ekonomi akibat banjir pada tiga desa di Kecamatan Ngabang yaitu Desa Raja, Hilir Tengah dan Hilir Kantor adalah alasan dilakukannya penelitian ini. Tujuan dilakakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menginventarisasi besarnya tingkat kerentanan terhadap banjir yang terjadi dan menghitung valuasi kerugian ekonomi akibat terjadinya bencana banjir. Metode yang digunakan dalam menganalisis kerentanan banjir menggunakan software ArcMap 10.3 adalah Analisa atribut meliputi pemberian skor kelas curah hujan, pemberian skor kelas tutupan lahan, pemberian skor kelas kemiringan lahan, pembobotan dan Analisa AHP. Metode yang digunakan untuk menghitung estimasi kerugian akibat banjir menggunakan metode ECLAC. Hasil yang didapat dalam penelitian ini adalah perubahan tutupan lahan mengalami penurunan dan peningkatan luasan permukiman, pertanian/sawah, dan lahan terbuka/semak, Curah hujan yang tinggi dan kelerengan daerah yang landai menjadi parameter penyebab terjadinya banjir. Pada estimasi nilai kerugian akibat banjir dengan nilai kerugian menggunakan USD dan Emas pada tahun yang ditentukan dengan hasil total kerugian pada tahun 1973 adalah 73,7 Juta dollar, tahun 1989 180 juta dollar, tahun 1994 261 juta dollar, tahun 2000 261juta dollar, tahun 2010 1,1 miliar dollar, dan tahun 2020 1,9 miliar dollar.ABSTRACTFlood is a plan that often occurs in the rainy season, floods can cause loss of property and fatalities. Economic valuation due to flooding is one way that can be used to calculate losses due to flood disasters. The absence of studies on vulnerability and economic losses due to flooding in three villages in Ngabang Subdistrict namely Desa Raja, Hilir Tengah and Hilir Kantor is the reason for this research. The purpose of this study is to identify and inventory the level of vulnerability to floods that occur and calculate the valuation of economic losses due to flood disasters. The methods used in analyzing flood vulnerabilities using ArcMap 10.3 software are attribute analysis including rainfall class scoring, giving land cover class scores, awarding land slope class scores, weighting and AHP Analysis. The method used to calculate the estimated loss due to flooding uses the ECLAC method. The results obtained in this study are changes in land cover experiencing a decrease and increase in the area of settlements, agriculture / rice fields, and open land / bush, high rainfall and marbles of sloping areas become parameters of the cause of flooding. In the estimated value of losses due to floods with the value of losses using USD and Gold in the specified year with the total loss in 1973 was 73.7 million dollars, in 1989 180 million dollars, in 1994 261 million dollars, in 2000 261 million dollars, in 2010 1.1 billion dollars, and in 2020 1.9 billion dollars.

Seismic Attributes to Constrain the Distribution of Rakopi Formation Coals in the Southwest Offshore Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

<p>The Rakopi Formation, in the Taranaki Basin of New Zealand, is a Late Cretaceous (Haumurian) sequence of coal measures interbedded with siltstone and sparse sandstone. It is the lowest widespread stratigraphic unit in the Taranaki Basin, and has a syn-rift deposition which is concentrated in isolated grabens and sub-basins. It was deposited during the extensional tectonic regime linked to the breakup of Gondwana. The Rakopi is one of the major hydrocarbon source rocks in the Taranaki Basin; New Zealand’s only currently-producing basin. However, there are very few well penetrations of the Cretaceous interval within the basin, and this fact – coupled with the non-continuous deposition – means that the Rakopi’s distribution is poorly constrained further away from wells. In petroleum systems models, the entire Rakopi Formation interval is commonly represented entirely as source rock facies. By observing the limited well penetrations available, it is known that this is not the case. As such, it is likely that the total hydrocarbons generated within the basin are overestimated when modelled. Improved constraint of the distribution of the coal within the Rakopi Formation will improve the accuracy of these models. This study presents the results of the extraction and analysis of a suite of seismic attributes from 3D seismic reflection surveys in the southwest offshore Taranaki Basin, for the purpose of constraining the distribution of coal within the Rakopi Formation. The attribute outputs were temporally averaged, with the resulting frequency distributions analysed for significant patterns or variations between the coaly- versus non-coaly vertical intervals of the formation. Within the Maari 3D seismic reflection volume, six attributes were identified which correlated with the presence of coals observed in the Maui-4 well. These attributes were temporally averaged within the Rakopi Formation interval in both the Maari 3D and Pipeline 3D volumes, with the areas of high average values identified as being more likely to contain coal. Using this attribute analysis method, the distribution of coal within the Rakopi Formation has been better constrained. Attribute analysis is easily transferable, and has the potential to be utilised elsewhere for the identification of hydrocarbon source rocks.</p>

Seismic Attributes to Constrain the Distribution of Rakopi Formation Coals in the Southwest Offshore Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

<p>The Rakopi Formation, in the Taranaki Basin of New Zealand, is a Late Cretaceous (Haumurian) sequence of coal measures interbedded with siltstone and sparse sandstone. It is the lowest widespread stratigraphic unit in the Taranaki Basin, and has a syn-rift deposition which is concentrated in isolated grabens and sub-basins. It was deposited during the extensional tectonic regime linked to the breakup of Gondwana. The Rakopi is one of the major hydrocarbon source rocks in the Taranaki Basin; New Zealand’s only currently-producing basin. However, there are very few well penetrations of the Cretaceous interval within the basin, and this fact – coupled with the non-continuous deposition – means that the Rakopi’s distribution is poorly constrained further away from wells. In petroleum systems models, the entire Rakopi Formation interval is commonly represented entirely as source rock facies. By observing the limited well penetrations available, it is known that this is not the case. As such, it is likely that the total hydrocarbons generated within the basin are overestimated when modelled. Improved constraint of the distribution of the coal within the Rakopi Formation will improve the accuracy of these models. This study presents the results of the extraction and analysis of a suite of seismic attributes from 3D seismic reflection surveys in the southwest offshore Taranaki Basin, for the purpose of constraining the distribution of coal within the Rakopi Formation. The attribute outputs were temporally averaged, with the resulting frequency distributions analysed for significant patterns or variations between the coaly- versus non-coaly vertical intervals of the formation. Within the Maari 3D seismic reflection volume, six attributes were identified which correlated with the presence of coals observed in the Maui-4 well. These attributes were temporally averaged within the Rakopi Formation interval in both the Maari 3D and Pipeline 3D volumes, with the areas of high average values identified as being more likely to contain coal. Using this attribute analysis method, the distribution of coal within the Rakopi Formation has been better constrained. Attribute analysis is easily transferable, and has the potential to be utilised elsewhere for the identification of hydrocarbon source rocks.</p>

Applied seismic attribte to study the distribution of sandstone reservoirs of D sequence, upper Oligocene sediments, CT field, Cuu Long basin

In this paper, the seismic attribute analysis methods in combination with well data were used to predict the distribution of the D sequence. A seismic attribute is any measurement of seismic data that enhances the visibility or quantification of geological elements or rock properties to determine the structure or depositional environment of sediment. The authors have selected the basic attributes, which are related to amplitude and frequency such as RAI, RMS, ARC length, Specdecom, Sweetness attribute. The attributes reflect quite accurately the changes in lithology, sedimentary facies, etc. from which will be possible to predict the distribution of the sand bodies. There are 02 large reservoirs discovered in the D sequence: the main reservoirs (D0 -D3) sands and minor reservoirs (D4 - D10). The study results show that the main reservoirs from D0 to D3 are widely distributed in the study area, especially in the western block and near the Con Son swell (except A well due to erosion process). Meanwhile, the reservoirs from D4 to D10 are of discontinuous distributions. Zones of high amplitude anomalies that are likely related to volcanic sediments in the study area are also delineated. The seismic attribute analysis reveals the possible distribution of high potential sand bodies (D2-D3) in the south-western and north-eastern parts that need further study.