Division of Labour and Distribution of Tacit Knowledge in the Automation of Metal Machining

Knowledge has become an important production factor. Tacit knowledge is embodied in the minds of people, and is part and parcel of their skills. Since businesses concentrate on strategic tasks, many others are outsourced. This also applies to R&D. External knowledge sources help firms to leverage their internal R&D efforts. Internal and external knowledge have to be knitted together on the work floor giving rise to innovative products and processes. Since tacit knowledge is embodied in personnel, it is interesting to look at the role of the functions and the qualifications of R&D personnel in relation to activities developed in the framework of technical collaboration agreements. Using the OECD business R&D survey for Belgium, insights are offered in the way that external knowledge impacts on the organisation of the internal division of labour. It is demonstrated that absorptive capacity, embodied in people, is a key element in using external knowledge.

Download Full-text

Managerial Tacit Knowledge

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e530692012-013 ◽

1991 ◽

Author(s):

Richard K. Wagner

Keyword(s):

Tacit Knowledge

Download Full-text

209. Metalworking Fluid Exposures in Several Metal Machining Industries

10.3320/1.2762596 ◽

1999 ◽

Author(s):

J.M. Whitehouse

Keyword(s):

Metalworking Fluid ◽

Metal Machining

Download Full-text

Dynamics of the processes in metal machining

Nonlinear Analysis Modelling and Control ◽

10.15388/na.1998.2.0.15295 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 115-122

Author(s):

Donatas Švitra ◽

Jolanta Janutėnienė

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Machine Tools ◽

Metal Cutting ◽

Cutting Tool ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Metal Cutting Machine ◽

Cutting Machine ◽

Metal Machining

In the practice of processing of metals by cutting it is necessary to overcome the vibration of the cutting tool, the processed detail and units of the machine tool. These vibrations in many cases are an obstacle to increase the productivity and quality of treatment of details on metal-cutting machine tools. Vibration at cutting of metals is a very diverse phenomenon due to both it’s nature and the form of oscillatory motion. The most general classification of vibrations at cutting is a division them into forced vibration and autovibrations. The most difficult to remove and poorly investigated are the autovibrations, i.e. vibrations arising at the absence of external periodic forces. The autovibrations, stipulated by the process of cutting on metalcutting machine are of two types: the low-frequency autovibrations and high-frequency autovibrations. When the low-frequency autovibration there appear, the cutting process ought to be terminated and the cause of the vibrations eliminated. Otherwise, there is a danger of a break of both machine and tool. In the case of high-frequency vibration the machine operates apparently quiently, but the processed surface feature small-sized roughness. The frequency of autovibrations can reach 5000 Hz and more.

Download Full-text

Sociological dimension of economic globalization: world trends and Ukrainian realities (Second part. Social changes in Ukrainian society in the context of economic globalization)

Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing ◽

10.15407/sociology2020.04.068 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 68-110

Author(s):

Tetiana Petrushyna ◽

Anatolii Arseienko

Keyword(s):

Economic Globalization ◽

Division Of Labour ◽

Social Consequences ◽

Social Discourse ◽

Social Changes ◽

Significant Deterioration ◽

Global Competitiveness ◽

Critical Areas ◽

Systemic Crisis ◽

Ukrainian Society

Globalization remains the most common and quite controversial concept in modern social discourse. Within the theoretical and conceptual sociological dimension, the authors analyzed the essence of economic globalization (EG) as its defining type. They studied globalization as an objective process (first of all, the international division of labour) and the subjective process of forming a global capitalist economy under the auspices of leading Western countries, supranational financial and economic institutions (primarily the World Bank and the IMF), TNCs. As the main drivers of globalization, they determine its forms and directions in the interests of the "core" of global capitalism. Within the empirical sociological dimension of EG (which involves measuring the various manifestations of the EG process itself as well as its social consequences), the authors paid particular attention to the analysis of social changes in Ukrainian society. The capitalization of the Ukrainian economy, which took place in parallel with Ukraine’s entry into the global economic space, led to degradation of the national economy, significant deterioration of living standards of most citizens, creation of anti-social state with the systemic crisis as its main attribute. To prove these conclusions, the authors analyzed the dynamics of the principal macroeconomic and sociological indicators of Ukrainian society’s life for almost 30 years of drift to the roadside of the global capitalist world, based on the study of numerous domestic and foreign sources. The authors focused on the research of eight critical areas of social changes: deindustrialization of the economy, global competitiveness and innovation, GDP dynamics, employment, income and welfare of the population, socioeconomic inequality, debt dependence and degradation of Ukrainian science. The analysis shows the need to abandon the neoliberal paradigm of development and search for the alternative and more fair models of EG.

Download Full-text

WHO DO WE THINK WE ARE? COMPARING INTERSECTIONAL IDENTITY TRENDS IN ASEE AND CEEA-ACEG USING NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING AND REVIEW OF PROCEEDINGS

Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA) ◽

10.24908/pceea.vi0.13830 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Pamela Rogalski ◽

Eric Mikulin ◽

Deborah Tihanyi

Keyword(s):

Natural Language Processing ◽

Natural Language ◽

Activity Theory ◽

Language Processing ◽

Division Of Labour ◽

Cultural Historical Activity Theory ◽

Original Question ◽

Micro Level ◽

Historical Activity ◽

Cultural Historical Activity

In 2018, we overheard many CEEA-AGEC members stating that they have "found their people"; this led us to wonder what makes this evolving community unique. Using cultural historical activity theory to view the proceedings of CEEA-ACEG 2004-2018 in comparison with the geographically and intellectually adjacent ASEE, we used both machine-driven (Natural Language Processing, NLP) and human-driven (literature review of the proceedings) methods. Here, we hoped to build on surveys—most recently by Nelson and Brennan (2018)—to understand, beyond what members say about themselves, what makes the CEEA-AGEC community distinct, where it has come from, and where it is going. Engaging in the two methods of data collection quickly diverted our focus from an analysis of the data themselves to the characteristics of the data in terms of cultural historical activity theory. Our preliminary findings point to some unique characteristics of machine- and human-driven results, with the former, as might be expected, focusing on the micro-level (words and language patterns) and the latter on the macro-level (ideas and concepts). NLP generated data within the realms of "community" and "division of labour" while the review of proceedings centred on "subject" and "object"; both found "instruments," although NLP with greater granularity. With this new understanding of the relative strengths of each method, we have a revised framework for addressing our original question.

Download Full-text

Tacit Knowledge Management at the Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis

Mousaion ◽

10.25159/0027-2639/3776 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Omwoyo Bosire Onyancha ◽

Gladys Njeri Mungai ◽

Henry Nyabuto Kemoni

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Knowledge Sharing ◽

Tacit Knowledge ◽

Policy Research ◽

Primary Data ◽

Intangible Asset ◽

Research Approach ◽

Public Policy Research ◽

Observation Methods ◽

Tacit Knowledge Sharing

Tacit knowledge is seen as difficult to be shared in an organisation owing to its intuitive, versatile and practice-based nature. Consequently, tacit knowledge is not well-understood or valued in most organisations and more so in public institutions. The purpose of the study was to investigate how the Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis (KIPPRA) manages tacit knowledge as an intangible asset and also to recommend a framework or model for the management of tacit knowledge for a competitive advantage and development at the KIPPRA. The study adopted a qualitative research approach, with interviews and observation methods constituting the primary data collection methods. The study targeted 60 employees of KIPPRA consisting of researchers, young professionals, heads of divisions, a knowledge manager and administrative staff. The qualitative data collected were organised, categorised and reported verbatim. Among the key findings were that KIPPRA has the capacity for tacit knowledge sharing, capture, transfer and storage that have not been capitalised on. Further, employees experience challenges such as the identification and understanding of tacit knowledge, access to tacit knowledge sharing platforms, access to expertise with specific tacit knowledge, tacit knowledge hoarding, individualism, and ICT-related challenges in accessing tacit knowledge. Finally, the study recommends the adoption of a proposed framework for managing tacit knowledge at the KIPPRA.

Download Full-text