Field studies of the female sex pheromone of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) in Cyprus

1974 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Campion ◽  
B. W. Bettany ◽  
Brenda F. Nesbitt ◽  
P. S. Beevor ◽  
R. Lester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Water Trough ◽  
Growing Region

AbstractThe four components of the synthesised sex pheromone of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) are tetradecan-1-yl acetate (I); cis-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate (IIA); trans-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate (IIB); and cis-9, trans-11-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate (III). Dissolved in hexane they were dispensed in small polythene containers either singly or in combination over water-trough (WT) traps located in the potato-growing region of south-east Cyprus. Only III was necessary to attract male moths. Increased loadings of III resulted in an increased catch during the 20-day test periods; at a loading of 500 μg per dispenser the material was attractive for approximately 20 days, and at 5000 μg for up to 40 days. IIA combined with III in WT traps or with virgin females in the vane traps markedly reduced the catch of male moths. The level of inhibition induced by IIA on the attraction of female moths was related to the loading of this substance in the dispensers. An inhibitory effect on the attraction of female moths in vane traps was also shown for cis-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, although this substance was less active compared with IIA at the same loading. No marked attraction or inhibition was shown for I or IIB, neither was any synergistic action demonstrated for these substances when in combination with III. When 200 polythene dispensers each containing 500 μg of III were evenly distributed throughout a potato field of 2000 m2 during the test period of 19 days virtually no males were caught in a trap baited with virgin females located in the centre of the field. Using only 100 point sources of III at twice the loading, only a slight reduction in catch compared with control catches was noted.

Laboratory and field studies of the female sex pheromone of the olive moth,Prays oleae

1979 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1146-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Campion ◽  
L. J. McVeigh ◽  
J. Polyrakis ◽  
S. Michaelakis ◽  
G. N. Stravrakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Prays Oleae ◽  
Female Sex

Field investigation of an attracticide control technique using the sex pheromone of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C.A. Downham ◽  
L.J. McVeigh ◽  
G.M. Moawad
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractA series of trials examining the feasibility of an attracticide technique for control of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) are described. The technique combined the sex pheromone of S. littoralis with pyrethroid insecticide, λ-cyhalothrin, in 500 point-sources/ha at low rates of application of both components. It was envisaged that male moths would be attracted to contact the sources and subsequently suffer lethal or sub-lethal effects which would prevent mating. The pheromone was applied either as a sprayable microencapsulated (MC) formulation or in polyvinyl-chloride lures; emulsifiable concentrate and MC formulations of the insecticide were employed. Treatments were assessed by monitoring pheromone trap catches, mating of tethered females and, in one trial, numbers of eggmasses found in experimental areas. Mating levels and trap-catch in treatment plots were siginificantly reduced, compared to controls, for periods up to 5 and 24 nights after treatment, respectively. However despite a continuous period of mating suppression, achieved by repeated applications, no treatment-related reduction in egg-masses was observed. Two trials compared attracticide with mating-disruption treatments in which the insecticide was omitted. Similar levels of mating and trap-catch suppression were observed in the two treatments. It was concluded that the mating suppression observed in attracticide plots was due principally to disruption of chemical communication between the sexes, not to male mortality arising from contact with the insecticide sources. None of the attracticide treatments represented a viable control technique. Other practical and theoretical considerations arising from the results are discussed.

Field studies with the synthetic sex pheromone and inhibitor of the red bollworm Diparopsis castanea Hmps. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in Malawi

1976 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Pheromone Concentration ◽  
Synthetic Sex Pheromone ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe synthetic sex pheromone of Diparopsis castanea Hmps., dicastalure, is a 4:1 synergistic combination of 93% trans:7% cis-9,11-dodecadien-1-yl acetate (IV) and the unattractive compound 11-dodecen-1-yl acetate (IIB). Both cis and trans-9-dodecen-1-yl acetate (IIA), the latter occurring in the female pheromone gland, are potent inhibitors of male attraction, as little as 10–4 mg IIA significantly reducing the attractiveness of virgin females in pheromone traps for more than one month in the field. Inhibition is typically close range, although higher concentrations are inhibitory when placed at up to 1 m from the female. IV and IIB also reduce male catch in female-baited traps, but dicastalure does not. Recently mated females, confined with virgins, reduce male catch, thereby indicating release of an unknown inhibitor. When formulated in a suitable extender, such as corn-oil, dicastalure may be released from sealed polyethylene vials or from cellulose acetate cigarette filters, and inclusion of the antioxidant 2:6-di-tort-butyl-p-cresol (BHT) prolongs the attractiveness of 1 mg dicastalure formulations beyond 25–30 days. Release from polyethylene is more efficient than from either polypropylene or cellulose and moth catch over a five-week period is linearly related to the logarithm of pheromone concentration. Significant communication disruption, as measured by reduced trap catches of male Diparopsis, occurred when female-baited traps in 100 m2 cotton plots were surrounded by point sources of either dicastalure (synthetic females) or the inhibitory IIA acetate (anti-females). Since dicastalure is occasionally less attractive than virgin females, efforts are being made to improve pheromone slow release formulations.

scholarly journals DIEL PERIODICITY OF MALE SEX PHEROMONE RESPONSE AND FEMALE ATTRACTIVENESS IN THE GYPSY MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Cardé ◽  
C. C. Doane ◽  
W. L. Roelofs
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
New England ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Diel Periodicity ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Pheromone Response ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Male Sex Pheromone ◽  
Male Sex

AbstractIn field studies gypsy moth males were attracted to synthetic cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane (disparlure), the female sex pheromone, and virgin females from 0900 to 2000 (Eastern Standard Time). The greatest numbers of males were lured to the synthetic attractant or the calling female from 1100 to 1500. These periods of male response are longer than reported in previous (1896 and 1932) New England investigations and suggest the possible recent evolution of a new diel rhythm of male sex pheromone response.

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