Species of herbivorous bugs in sunflower crops in the central agro-climatic zone of the Krasnodar region

One of the factors limiting high and qualitative yields of sunflower seeds is pests. Phytophages injure plants of the crop during the whole vegetative period causing growth and development disorders, and sometimes plants depth. Together, insects play the important role in distribution of pathogens, especially fungi from genera Alternaria, Fusarium, Rhizopus, and Puccinia, as well as bacteria. Among phytophages on sunflower, the most harmful are herbivorous bugs (class Hemiptera) of fleahopper (Miridae) and stinkbug (Pentatomidae) families. Bugs feeds on plants sap, they suck it out of the different plant organs. The basic oil crop in the Krasnodar region is sunflower. In 2021 its sowing area accounted to 442 thousand ha. Breaks of scientifically substituted cultivation technology lead to deterioration of phytosanitary state of sunflower crops by means of concentration of pathogens, including herbivorous bugs. The purpose of the research was to determine species and prevalence of bugs and their dominating species in sunflower crops in the Krasnodar region for the further development of protection measures. The result showed in the central zone of the Krasnodar region the sunflower crops are inhabited with 12 species of bugs from the families: Miridae, Pentatomidae, Alydidae and Coreidae. Prevalence of tarnished plant bug (Lygus pratensis (Linnaeus, 1758) and bishop bug (Lygus rugulipennis (Popp., 1911) was high (60 and 80%, respectively), and sloe bug (Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus, 1758) was maximal – 100%. A sloe bug prevailed in sunflower crops – 36.1%.

Dynamics and control of cereal bugs in spring barley crops in conditions of Right-bank Forrest-steppe of Ukraine

Cereal bugs can reduce the yield of cereals, worsen the quality characteristics of grain, and reduce the sowing quality of seeds with intensive reproduction and nutrition. Of all the cereal bugs, Eurygaster integriceps Put is the most damaging. According to scientists, yield loss is typically estimated at 20–30 % in barley and 50–90 % in wheat. In addition to direct crop losses, insects also inject chemicals that dramatically reduce grain quality, with chemical pest control costing over $40 million annually. The aim of the research is to reveal data on the species diversity of cereal bugs in spring barley crops in the conditions of the Uman national university of horticulture and to control their numbers in order to preserve crop yields. Accounting and observations conducted in 2017–2020, in the training and production department of Uman National University of Horticulture. Analysis of the species composition of cereal bugs allowed to clarify the diversity of their species, establish their average number and identify species that are dangerous for cultures during the study period. It was established that five species of cereal bugs which were dangerous to culture were identified from a number of Hemiptera between 2017 and 2020. Four species of cereal bugs were constantly present in the agrocenosis of spring barley – Eurygaster integriceps Put., Aelia acuminata L., Lygus rugulipennis P. and Trigonotylus coelestialium Kirk.. The most dangerous pest for the culture was the species Eurygaster integriceps Put., Which accounted for 36 %, 28 %, 27 % and 24.5 % of the total number of bedbugs, and also exceeded the rate of harmful index. The use of insecticides reduced the number of Eurygaster integriceps Put. for a two-week period after spraying. Average data for 2018–2020 show high technical efficiency at the level of 90.0–92.9 % on the 3rd day after spraying. On the 7th day after the insecticides were applied, the technical efficiency was 85–85.8 %. Application of insecticide Decis Profi 25 WG, v.g. at a rate of 0.04 kg/ha, reduced the number of pests by 82.5 % on the 14th day after spraying.

Preliminary data on attractiveness of phenylacetaldehyde-based lures on economically important plant bug pests (Hemiptera: Miridae)

Several plant bug species (Miridae) are important pests of crops and vegetables, thus monitoring them is of essential importance for effective pest control. During the current, preliminary study synthetic plant volatile combinations were tested in field conditions in Hungary in alfalfa fields. Beside semiochemical baited traps, sweep-netting was also performed. In the experiments three plant bug species were found in higher numbers: Adelphocoris lineolatus, Lygus rugulipennis and L. pratensis. As a novel, interesting finding L. pratensis was attracted to phenylacetaldehyde baited traps. For all species, both males and females were trapped in all combinations. Sweep-netting and semiochemical baited traps showed different efficacy in case of the three species, as sweep-netting catches were highly biased for A. lineolatus, which indicates the higher efficacy of this method as compared to the tested semiochemical-baited traps. On the other hand, semiochemical baited showed better performance for L. rugulipennis and L. pratensis. For these species none of the tested combinations performed better than phenylacetaldehyde baited traps. The potential implication of results in view of monitoring are discussed.

Фітосанітарний моніторинг шкідливої ентомофауни посівів сої в умовах рисових зрошувальних систем

Мета. Визначення видового складу ентомофагівта виявлення домінуючих шкідників посівів сої у корот-коротаційних рисових сівозмінах Південного СтепуУкраїни. Методи. Польовий, лабораторний, розрахунко-во-порівняльний і статистичний. Результати. Отриманоінформацію щодо видового складу шкідників у посівахсої та встановлено їх домінуючі види у короткоротаційнихрисових сівозмінах: метелик лучний (Margaritia sticticalis L.),сонцевик будяковий, або чортополохівка (Vanessacardui L.), клоп трав’яний (Lygus rugulipennis Popp.), клоплюцерновий (Adelphocoris lineolatus Goeze.), щитниклюцерновий (Piezodorus lituratus F.), трипс тютюновий(Thrips tabaci Lind.), совка-гамма (Autographa gamma L.),совка люцернова (Chloridea viriplaca Hfn.), коник зелений(Tettigonia viridissima L.), прус італійський (Calliptamusitalicus L.), попелиця велика злакова (Sitobion avenae F.),кліщ павутинний звичайний (Tetranychus urticae Koch.),сарана мароканська (Dociostaurus maroccanus Thunb.),цикадка шестикрапкова (Macrosteles laevis Kib.); цика-дка смугаста (Psammotettix striatus L.), елія носата (Aeliarostrata Bsh.), довгоносик смугастий бульбочковий(Sitona lineatus L.), довгоносик сірий щетинистий (Sitonacrinitus Hfn.), совка бавовникова (Helicoverpa armigera),вогнівка акацієва (Etiella zinckenella Tr.). Висновки.Кількість виявлених видів шкідників у посівах сої становила: ряд лускокрилих (Lepidoptera) – 38,0%; ака-риформні кліщі (Acariformes) 22,0%, бахромчастокрилі(Thysanoptera) – 17,0%, напівтвердокрилі (Hemiptera) –10,0%, представники ряду рівнокрилих (Homoptera) – 5,0%,прямокрилих (Orthoptera) – 5,0% та твердокрилих(Coleoptera) – 3,0%. Домінуючими видами в умовах рисо-вих чеків були: метелик лучний (Pyrausta sticticalis L.) –15 екз./м2, трипс тютюновий (цибулевий) (Thripstabaci Lind.) – 50 екз./м2, звичайний павутинний кліщ(Tetranychus urticae Koch.) – 47 екз./рослину, сонце-вик будяковий (чортополохівка) (Vanessa cardui L.) –від 2 до 5 екз./м2.

The species composition of the harmful entomofauna of soybean crops in the conditions of rice paddies

Goal. To determine the species composition of soybean phytophages under rice checks. Methods. The main field method with related phenological observations and analyzes. The study of the species composition of soybean pests was carried out in rice paddies of the Institute of Rice of the NAAS by collecting all objects with their subsequent identification. The survey was carried out once every 3—7 days: the first counts were in the third decade of May, when the plants were in the germination phase. Recorded plants were placed diagonally. On the experimental site, five plants were examined in 20 places. Results. Studies have been carried out to clarify the species composition of harmful entomofauna in soybean crops under the conditions of rice checks in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Found 20 species of phytophagus from 7 rows and 11 families and one species of spider mite: мeadow moth (Margaritia sticticalis L.); thistle, or vanessa thistle (Vanessa cardui L.); grass bug (Lygus rugulipennis Popp.); alfalfa bug (Carpocoris fuscispinus Boh.); alfalfa stink bug (Piezodorus lituratus F.); tobacco thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.); scoop-gamma (Autographa gamma L.); alfalfa moth (Chloridea viriplaca Hfn.); green horse (Tettigonia viridissima L.); Italian Prussian (Calliptamus italicus L.); large cereal aphid (Sitobion avenae F.); Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus Thunb.); six-point leafhopper (Macrosteles laevis Kib.); striped leafhopper (Psammotettix striatus L.); nosy tree (Aelia rostrata Bsh.); striped nodule weevil (Sitona lineatus L.); gray bristly weevil (Sitona crinitus Hfn.); cotton scoop (Helicoverpa armigera Hfn.); acacia moth (Etiella zinckenella Tr.), two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch.). Conclusions. As a result of research in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, 20 species of phytophagous insects from 7 rows, 11 families and one species of tick were found in soybeans. The vast majority of pests in terms of numbers are among the Lepidoptera — 38%. These species damaged soybeans during the growing season and influenced the formation of the yield.

New materials on heteropterans from Kurai steppe (south-west of Russian Altai)

The paper provides information on the distribution of 45 species of Heteroptera from 10 families in the Kurai steppe in the southeast of the Russian Altai (Altai Republic). Of these, Mimula scutellaris Kiritshenko, 1931 recorded for the first time for the fauna of Russia and Bagrada stolida (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1839) — for Siberia. Following 15 species are recorded as new for the Altai Republic: Nabis punctatus mimoferus Hsiao, 1964 (Nabidae); Deraeocoris ventralis ventralis Reuter, 1904, Apolygus nigronasutus (Stål, 1858), Lygidea illota (Stål, 1858), Lygus rugulipennis Poppus, 1911, Lygus wagneri Remane, 1955, Globiceps fulvicollis Jakovlev, 1877, Psallus betuleti (Fallén, 1807) (Miridae); Neides propinquus Horváth, 1901 (Berytidae); Ortholomus punctipennis (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1838), Kleidocerys resedae resedae (Panzer, 1797), Cymus glandicolor Hahn, 1832, Xanthochilus quadratus (Fabricius, 1798) (Lygaeidae); Myrmus calcaratus Reuter, 1891 (Rhopalidae); Sciocoris abbreviatus (Reuter, 1879) (Pentatomidae).

Does Harvesting Affect the Spatio-Temporal Signature of Pests and Natural Enemies in Alfalfa Fields?

Determining the spatio-temporal distribution and association of pests and natural enemies would be useful for implementing biological control of pests and could also be used in site-specific pest management. In this study, the spatio-temporal distribution and association of aphids, plant bugs, and natural enemies were assessed in alfalfa fields using geo-statistics and spatial analysis by distance indices (SADIE). Additionally, the effect of alfalfa hay-harvesting on the spatial and temporal distribution of these insects was investigated for the first time. Geostatistical analysis indicated that the degree of dependence (DD) was ≥75% for 11 out of 39, 9 out of 35, 3 out of 12, 10 out of 29, and 2 out of 20 datasets for pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, spotted alfalfa aphid Therioaphis maculata, cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora, alfalfa plant bug Adelphocoris lineolatus, and tarnished plant bug Lygus rugulipennis, respectively. The results also indicated that DD was ≥75% in 7 out of 45, 18 out of 45, and 3 out of 20 datasets for Coccinella septempunctata, Hippodamia variegata, and Pterostichus melanarius, respectively. Harvesting decreased the aggregation of the ladybirds, which resulted in a decrease in the index of aggregation. The geo-statistics results were confirmed by SADIE in 75% of datasets. These results can be used in biological control and site-specific management of aphids and plant bugs in alfalfa fields.

Hatay İli Yonca Üretim Alanlarında Bulunan Böcek Faunasının Tespiti ve Bazı Türlerin Popülasyon Yoğunlukları

The current study was conducted to determine insect fauna and population densities of some phytophagous and beneficial insect species at two different alfalfa fields in Narlıca district of Hatay province, Turkey in 2009-2010. In the first year biweekly, and in the second year weekly samplings were carried out by 25 sweep-net samplings taken by walking in diagonal directions. Aphids, thrips and gallery flies were also sampled by counting of 30 alfalfa stalks in every 8-10 steps in each of the sampling fields. As a result, 53 phytophagous species belonging to 14 families of five orders and 30 natural enemy species including 20 predators and 10 parasitoids belonging to nine families of six orders were obtained. With 19 species, Cicadellidae has been the largest number of species-containing family and Asymmetrasca descedens and Empoasca decipiens were the most intensively species in this family. In addition, Lygus rugulipennis was the most dominant species among all phytophagous species obtained. It has been found that populations of all pests species were affected by mowing the alfalfa, and show a decline. Predators were predominant among detected natural enemies, and their populations were persistent in the alfalfa fields despite approximately 7-8 mowing per year.