Local anaesthetic techniques in endoscopic sinonasal surgery: a contemporaneous review

Several anaesthetic protocols are reported in the literature for small mammals; it is however fundamental that drugs used and perioperative management are based on each patient individually, considering several factors such as temperament, health status and the procedure to be performed. Alpha-2 agonists, benzodiazepines and opioids are the drugs most commonly used for sedation and premedication in small mammals. General anaesthesia can be induced with injectable agents, such as propofol and alfaxalone, but inhalant anaesthetics delivered by mask or in an induction chamber are still quite commonly used, particularly in smaller patients. Volatile agents are generally preferred for maintenance of anaesthesia, as easy control of the depth of anaesthesia is achievable. Endotracheal intubation is not always possible in these species, but practice and the use of an endoscope can facilitate the procedure. Analgesia should be provided for surgical procedures, and local anaesthetic techniques are warranted whenever possible.

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Local anaesthetic techniques for post-caesarean delivery analgesia

International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia ◽

10.1016/j.ijoa.2019.06.002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 62-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S.D. Patel ◽

N. Sharawi ◽

P. Sultan

Keyword(s):

Local Anaesthetic ◽

Caesarean Delivery ◽

Anaesthetic Techniques

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Epidermolysis Bullosa — a Review of 15 Years’ Experience, including Experience with Combined General and Regional Anaesthetic Techniques

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.1177/0310057x8801600304 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 260-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

R. Boughton ◽

M. R. Crawford ◽

J. B. Vonwiller

Keyword(s):

General Anaesthesia ◽

Epidermolysis Bullosa ◽

Local Anaesthetic ◽

Anaesthetic Techniques

Eight patients with epidermolysis bullosa received a total of 60 anaesthetics for 67 procedures over the fifteen-year period 1972 to 1986. On twenty-three occasions patients were intubated. On thirteen occasions general anaesthesia was supplemented by regional blockade, involving a total of thirty-four local anaesthetic blocks. Complications from intubation were minimal and none were seen related to regional blockade.

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Peripheral local anaesthetic techniques for paediatric surgery

Anaesthesia & intensive care medicine ◽

10.1383/anes.4.12.407.27390 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 407-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jane M Peutrell ◽

Susan Mcllveney

Keyword(s):

Local Anaesthetic ◽

Anaesthetic Techniques ◽

Paediatric Surgery

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Dilutional local anaesthetic techniques in oncoplastic breast surgery and potential benefits during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond

Journal of Perioperative Practice ◽

10.1177/1750458920944080 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (9) ◽

pp. 277-282

Author(s):

Jeremy Batt ◽

Nicola Cook ◽

Muhammad Nadeem ◽

Ajay Sahu

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Local Anaesthetic ◽

Anaesthetic Techniques ◽

Postoperative Recovery ◽

Standard Approach ◽

Control Group ◽

General Anaesthetic ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Current Standard ◽

Oncoplastic Breast Surgery

Introduction COVID-19 has changed the approach to operating on breast cancer for the benefit of patients, staff and the general population. One approach involves the switch from operating under general to local anaesthetic. We assess whether diluational local anaesthetic is as effective as the current standard approach. Methods Postoperative pain was recorded in prospective, consecutive patients undergoing wide local excision under dilutional local anaesthetic (concentration < 1mg/ml). Pain scores were documented at 0, 30 and 60 minutes and compared to a control group consisting of combined general with local anaesthetic. Results Pain significantly increased in the control group during the postoperative recovery. This was not seen in the dilutional local anaesthetic group that was non-inferior to the standard approach at 0, 30 and 60 minutes. Conclusion Dilutional local anaesthetic provides a safe and effective alternative approach to operating on breast cancer patients whilst avoiding risky general anaesthetic in a COVID-19 pandemic environment.

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Bilateral ultrasound transversus abdominis plane block in a patient affected from Menkes disease

Pediatric Reports ◽

10.4081/pr.2012.e23 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 23 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dario Galante ◽

Marco Caruselli ◽

Francesco Dones ◽

Salvatore Meola ◽

Gianluca Russo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Local Anaesthetic ◽

Anaesthetic Techniques ◽

Menkes Disease ◽

Transversus Abdominis ◽

Sufficient Information ◽

Tap Block ◽

Transversus Abdominis Plane ◽

The Subject ◽

Positive Results

This case report demonstrates the utility and safety of ultrasound transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in a paediatric patient suffering from Menkes disease. Anaesthetists, and particularly paediatric and neonatal anaesthetists, have to make a careful assessment of these patients, who are subjected to frequent surgeries, despite their tender years. These operations are often necessary in order to improve the patient’s quality of life as much as possible. The choice of anaesthetic technique must take the particular nature of the disease and the patient’s medical history into consideration, while careful preparation and preoperative evaluations make it possible to administer the general or local anaesthetic safely. Official literature on the subject does not provide sufficient information about the use of local anaesthetic techniques. Moreover, the use of ultrasound TAP block in patients affected by Menkes disease has never been published in literature. In our experience, ultrasound TAP block has provided positive results, although the rarity of this childhood disease makes a detailed study difficult.

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