Congenital and oral transmission of American trypanosomiasis: an overview of physiopathogenic aspects

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA VIVIANA SÁNCHEZ ◽  
JUAN DAVID RAMÍREZ
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
American Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Multiple Routes ◽  
Acute Chagas Disease

SUMMARYChagas disease or American trypanosomiasis is a pathology affecting about 8–11 million people in Mexico, Central America, and South America, more than 300 000 persons in the United States as well as an indeterminate number of people in other non-endemic countries such as USA, Spain, Canada and Switzerland. The aetiological agent isTrypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan transmitted by multiple routes; among them, congenital route emerges as one of the most important mechanisms of spreading Chagas disease worldwide even in non-endemic countries and the oral route as the responsible of multiple outbreaks of acute Chagas disease in regions where the vectorial route has been interrupted. The aim of this review is to illustrate the recent research and advances in host-pathogen interaction making a model of how the virulence factors of the parasite would interact with the physiology and immune system components of the placental barrier and gastrointestinal tract in order to establish a response againstT. cruziinfection. This review also presents the epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic features of congenital and oral Chagas disease in order to update the reader about the emerging scenarios of Chagas disease transmission.

Investigation of two outbreaks of suspected oral transmission of acute Chagas disease in the Amazon region, Pará State, Brazil, in 2007

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique de Barros Moreira Beltrão ◽  
Matheus de Paula Cerroni ◽  
Daniel Roberto Coradi de Freitas ◽  
Ana Yecê das Neves Pinto ◽  
Vera da Costa Valente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Acute Chagas Disease

scholarly journals Mortality from selected diseases that can be transmitted by water – United States, 2003–2009

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Gargano ◽  
E. A. Adam ◽  
S. A. Collier ◽  
K. E. Fullerton ◽  
S. J. Feinman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Water System ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Nationally Representative

Diseases spread by water are caused by fecal–oral, contact, inhalation, or other routes, resulting in illnesses affecting multiple body systems. We selected 13 pathogens or syndromes implicated in waterborne disease outbreaks or other well-documented waterborne transmission (acute otitis externa, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, Escherichia coli (E. coli), free-living ameba, Giardia, Hepatitis A virus, Legionella (Legionnaires' disease), nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), Pseudomonas-related pneumonia or septicemia, Salmonella, Shigella, and Vibrio). We documented annual numbers of deaths in the United States associated with these infections using a combination of death certificate data, nationally representative hospital discharge data, and disease-specific surveillance systems (2003–2009). We documented 6,939 annual total deaths associated with the 13 infections; of these, 493 (7%) were caused by seven pathogens transmitted by the fecal–oral route. A total of 6,301 deaths (91%) were associated with infections from Pseudomonas, NTM, and Legionella, environmental pathogens that grow in water system biofilms. Biofilm-associated pathogens can cause illness following inhalation of aerosols or contact with contaminated water. These findings suggest that most mortality from these 13 selected infections in the United States does not result from classical fecal–oral transmission but rather from other transmission routes.

scholarly journals Unraveling Chagas disease transmission through the oral route: Gateways to Trypanosoma cruzi infection and target tissues

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e0005507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Silva-dos-Santos ◽  
Juliana Barreto-de-Albuquerque ◽  
Bárbara Guerra ◽  
Otacilio C. Moreira ◽  
Luiz Ricardo Berbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Cruzi Infection

scholarly journals Congenital Chagas’ disease transmission in the United States: Diagnosis in adulthood

IDCases ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 72-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Murillo ◽  
Lina M. Bofill ◽  
Hector Bolivar ◽  
Carlos Torres-Viera ◽  
Julio A. Urbina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Outbreak of acute Chagas disease associated with oral transmission in the Rio Negro region, Brazilian Amazon

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita de Cassia de Souza-Lima ◽  
Maria das Gracas Vale Barbosa ◽  
Jose Rodrigues Coura ◽  
Ana Ruth Lima Arcanjo ◽  
Adelaide da Silva Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Acute Chagas Disease

scholarly journals Eastern Bloodsucking Conenose, Triatoma sanguisuga (LeConte) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae)

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Capinera
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South America ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Central America ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Blood Meals

The eastern bloodsucking conenose belongs to the subfamily Triatominae, known as the kissing bugs. Despite their affectionate vernacular name, they are particularly threatening “assassin bugs” who require blood meals to survive and reproduce. They are a known vector of American trypanosomiasis (or Chagas Disease) in South America, a debilitating illness caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. This disease is a problem in South and Central America and has been detected in the United States, but has not been found in Florida. This 4-page fact sheet was written by John L. Capinera, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, November 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1018

scholarly journals Possible oral transmission of acute Chagas' disease in Brazil

1991 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Shikanai-Yasuda ◽  
C. Brisola Marcondes ◽  
L. A. Guedes ◽  
G.S. Siqueira ◽  
A.A. Barone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Chagas Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Limb Edema ◽  
Acute Chagas Disease

In October, 1986, 7 to 22 days after a meeting at a farm in Paraíba state, 26 individuals presented with a febrile illness associated with bilateral eyelid and lower limb edema, mild hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and, occasionally a skin rash. A 11-year-old boy exhibited atrial premature complexes and a 74-year-old patient developed acute heart failure. In two patients hospitalized in São Paulo city, acute Chagas' disease was diagnosed by the demonstration of circulating Trypanosoma cruzi. At autopsy in a fatal case, acute Chagas' cardiomyopathy was demonstrated. Xenodiagnosis were positive in 9 out of 14 tested patients. A specific IgG immune response was found in all patients and specific IgM antibodies were identified in 20 out of 22 tested patients. A epidemiological survey showed the existence of Triatoma brasiliensis in the outbuildings of this farm, but none in the house where most of the guests stayed. A high rate of infection with Trypanosoma cruzi was found in opossums. These observations together with those related to the food consumed by the patients, lead the authors to suggest that the human infections resulted from oral contamination probably originating from naturally infected marsupials in the area or crushed infected bugs.

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