scholarly journals Brightness and Polarization of the Zodiacal Light: Results of Fixed-Position Observations from Skylab

1980 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
J. L. Weinberg ◽  
R. C. Hahn

In an earlier paper Sparrow et al. (1976) found the polarized brightness of zodiacal light to have solar color at five sky positions for which there were fixed-position observations from Skylab: north celestial pole, south ecliptic pole, vernal equinox, and two places near the north galactic pole. The brightness and degree of polarization of zodiacal light at these sky positions are derived using Pioneer 10 observations of background starlight from beyond the asteroid belt (Weinberg et al., 1974; Schuerman et al., 1976) and the assumption that the zodiacal light is also solar color in total light.

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Sparrow ◽  
J. L. Weinberg ◽  
R. C. Hahn

AbstractA brief description is given of the Skylab ten color photoelectric photometer and the programs of measurements made during Skylab missions SL-2 and SL-3. Results obtained on the polarized brightness of zodiacal light at five points on the antisolar hemisphere are discussed and compared with other published data for the north celestial pole, south ecliptic pole, at elongation 90 degrees on the ecliptic, and at two places near the north galactic pole.


1985 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
G.N. Toller ◽  
J.L. Weinberg

AbstractBackground starlight observed by the Pioneer 10 Imaging Photopolarimeter from beyond the asteroid belt is used to isolate zodiacal light in Pioneer observations at heliocentric distances R between 1 and 3 AU. Near-ecliptic zodiacal light brightness data in the range 65° to 180° elongation ε are used to depict changes in the shape of the zodiacal light with ε and R and are compared to the corresponding views seen from the Earth and from the Helios 1 and 2 spacecraft.


1974 ◽  
Vol 79 (25) ◽  
pp. 3671-3675 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Hanner ◽  
J. L. Weinberg ◽  
L. M. DeShields ◽  
B. A. Green ◽  
G. N. Toller

1985 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
S.S. Hong ◽  
N.Y. Misconi ◽  
M.H.H. van Dijk ◽  
J.L. Weinberg ◽  
G.N. Toller

AbstractGegenschein observations from Pioneer 10 were found to have brightness structures with an amplitude of about 10% and a period of several to ten degrees in elongation. A search is made for such structures in high angular resolution ground-based observations from Mt. Haleakala, Hawaii. A new empirical method is used to correct for atmosphere-originated radiation. Background starlight is subtracted using Pioneer 10 observations from beyond the asteroid belt. Preliminary analysis of the ground data also indicates the presence of small amplitude structures in the brightness distribution.


1976 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Hanner ◽  
J. G. Sparrow ◽  
J. L. Weinberg ◽  
D. E. Beeson

AbstractSky maps made by the Pioneer 10 Imaging Photopolarimeter (IPP) at sun-spacecraft distances from 1 to 3 AU have been analyzed to derive the brightness of the zodiacal light near the ecliptic at elongations greater than 90 degrees. The change in zodiacal light brightness with heliocentric distance is compared with models of the spatial distribution of the dust. Use of background starlight brightnesses derived from IPP measurements beyond the asteroid belt, where the zodiacal light is not detected, and, especially, use of a corrected calibration lead to considerably lower values for zodiacal light than those reported by us previously.


2013 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
COSTANTINO SIGISMONDI

Gerbert of Aurillac was the most prominent personality of the tenth century: astronomer, organ builder and music theoretician, mathematician, philosopher, and finally pope with the name of Silvester II (999–1003). Gerbert introduced firstly the arabic numbers in Europe, invented an abacus for speeding the calculations and found a rational approximation for the equilateral triangle area, in the letter to Adelbold here discussed. Gerbert described a semi-sphere to Constantine of Fleury with built-in sighting tubes, used for astronomical observations. The procedure to identify the star nearest to the North celestial pole is very accurate and still in use in the XII century, when Computatrix was the name of Polaris. For didactical purposes the Polaris would have been precise enough and much less time consuming, but here Gerbert was clearly aligning a precise equatorial mount for a fixed instrument for accurate daytime observations. Through the sighting tubes it was possible to detect equinoxes and solstices by observing the Sun in the corresponding days. The horalogium of Magdeburg was probably a big and fixed-mount nocturlabe, always pointing the star near the celestial pole.


2006 ◽  
Vol 451 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vallenari ◽  
S. Pasetto ◽  
G. Bertelli ◽  
C. Chiosi ◽  
A. Spagna ◽  
...  

2001 ◽  
Vol 376 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ita ◽  
S. Deguchi ◽  
T. Fujii ◽  
O. Kameya ◽  
M. Miyoshi ◽  
...  
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