scholarly journals Convergence for moving averages

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bellow ◽  
Roger Jones ◽  
Joseph Rosenblatt
Keyword(s):  
Probability Space ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Ergodic Measure ◽  
Point Transformation ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Moving Averages ◽  
Averaging Operators ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Positive Integers

AbstractAssume T is an ergodic measure preserving point transformation from a probability space onto itself. Let be a sequence of pairs of positive integers, and define the sequence of averaging operators . Necessary and sufficient conditions are given forthis sequence of averages to converge almost everywhere. Weighted versions are also considered.

scholarly journals Necessary and sufficient conditions for a maximal ergodic theorem along subsequences

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Ergodic Theorem ◽  
Maximal Function ◽  
Probability Space ◽  
Weak Type ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Ergodic Measure ◽  
Point Transformation ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Positive Integers

AbstractLet T be an ergodic measure preserving point transformation from a probability space X onto itself. Assume that is an increasing sequence of subsets of the positive integers. Conditions are given which are sufficient for the ergodic maximal function associated with these subsets to be weak type (p, p). These conditions are shown to be both necessary and sufficient for a larger two-sided maximal function. The conditions are in the form of covering lemmas for the integers.

On the equivalence of boundedness for multiple Hardy-Littlewood averages and related operators

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-296
Author(s):  
Dah-Chin Luor
Keyword(s):  
Weight Function ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Maximal Operators ◽  
Averaging Operators ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the weight function $u$ are obtained, which provide the boundedness for a class of averaging operators from $L_p^+$ to $L_{q,u}^+$. These operators include the multiple Hardy-Littlewood averages and related maximal operators, geometric mean operators, and geometric maximal operators. We show that, under suitable conditions, the boundedness of these operators are equivalent. Our theorems extend several one-dimensional results to multi-dimensional cases and to operators with multiple kernels. We also show that in the case $p<q$, some one-dimensional results do not carry over to the multi-dimensional cases, and the boundedness of $T$ from $L_p^+$ to $L_{q,u}^+$ holds only if $u=0$ almost everywhere.

Joins of paths and cycles of equal order with sigma chromatic number 2

2021 ◽  
pp. 2250006
Author(s):  
Agnes D. Garciano ◽  
Maria Czarina T. Lagura ◽  
Reginaldo M. Marcelo
Keyword(s):  
Chromatic Number ◽  
Connected Graph ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Odd Cycle ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Positive Integers ◽  
Simple Connected Graph

For a simple connected graph [Formula: see text] let [Formula: see text] be a coloring of [Formula: see text] where two adjacent vertices may be assigned the same color. Let [Formula: see text] be the sum of colors of neighbors of any vertex [Formula: see text] The coloring [Formula: see text] is a sigma coloring of [Formula: see text] if for any two adjacent vertices [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] The least number of colors required in a sigma coloring of [Formula: see text] is the sigma chromatic number of [Formula: see text] and is denoted by [Formula: see text] A sigma coloring of a graph is a neighbor-distinguishing type of coloring and it is known that the sigma chromatic number of a graph is bounded above by its chromatic number. It is also known that for a path [Formula: see text] and a cycle [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is even. Let [Formula: see text] the join of the graphs [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is not an odd cycle for any [Formula: see text]. It has been shown that if [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] then [Formula: see text]. In this study, we give necessary and sufficient conditions under which [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the join of copies of [Formula: see text] and/or [Formula: see text] for the same value of [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be positive integers with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] In this paper, we show that [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] is odd, [Formula: see text] is even and [Formula: see text]; and [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text] is even and [Formula: see text] We also obtain necessary and sufficient conditions on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], so that [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] other than the cases [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]

scholarly journals Characterizations and Identities for Isosceles Triangular Numbers

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-395
Author(s):  
Jiramate Punpim ◽  
Somphong Jitman
Keyword(s):  
Positive Integer ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Triangular Numbers ◽  
Triangular Number ◽  
Recursive Formulas ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Positive Integers ◽  
Special Case

Triangular numbers have been of interest and continuously studied due to their beautiful representations, nice properties, and various links with other figurate numbers. For positive integers n and l, the nth l-isosceles triangular number is a generalization of triangular numbers defined to be the arithmetic sum of the formT(n, l) = 1 + (1 + l) + (1 + 2l) + · · · + (1 + (n − 1)l).In this paper, we focus on characterizations and identities for isosceles triangular numbers as well as their links with other figurate numbers. Recursive formulas for constructions of isosceles triangular numbers are given together with necessary and sufficient conditions for a positive integer to be a sum of isosceles triangular  numbers. Various identities for isosceles triangular numbers are established. Results on triangular numbers can be viewed as a special case.

On Sums of Progressions of Positive Integers

1970 ◽  
Vol 54 (388) ◽  
pp. 113-115
Author(s):  
R. L. Goodstein
Keyword(s):  
Positive Integer ◽  
Arithmetic Progression ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Positive Integers

We consider the problem of finding necessary and sufficient conditions for a positive integer to be the sum of an arithmetic progression of positive integers with a given common difference, starting with the case when the common difference is unity.

On Zipf's law

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Woodroofe ◽  
Bruce Hill
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Large Class ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Zipf’S Law ◽  
Zipf's Law ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Positive Integers

A Zipf's law is a probability distribution on the positive integers which decays algebraically. Such laws describe (approximately) a large class of phenomena. We formulate a model for such phenomena and, in terms of our model, give necessary and sufficient conditions for a Zipf's law to hold.

scholarly journals On periodic rings

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 417-420
Author(s):  
Xiankun Du ◽  
Qi Yi
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Direct Sum ◽  
Periodic Rings ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Nil Ring ◽  
Positive Integers

It is proved that a ring is periodic if and only if, for any elementsxandy, there exist positive integersk,l,m, andnwith eitherk≠morl≠n, depending onxandy, for whichxkyl=xmyn. Necessary and sufficient conditions are established for a ring to be a direct sum of a nil ring and aJ-ring.

scholarly journals A constructive view on ergodic theorems

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-623
Author(s):  
Bas Spitters
Keyword(s):  
Ergodic Theorem ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Ergodic Measure ◽  
Constructive Mathematics ◽  
Ergodic Theorems ◽  
Invariant Functions ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Measure Preserving Transformations

AbstractLet T be a positive L1-L∞ contraction. We prove that the following statements are equivalent in constructive mathematics.(1) The projection in L2, on the space of invariant functions exists:(2) The sequence (Tn)n∈N Cesáro-converges in the L2 norm:(3) The sequence (Tn)n∈N Cesáro-converges almost everywhere.Thus, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for the Mean Ergodic Theorem and the Dunford-Schwartz Pointwise Ergodic Theorem.As a corollary we obtain a constructive ergodic theorem for ergodic measure-preserving transformations.This answers a question posed by Bishop.

Enumeration of the Degree Sequences of Line-Hamiltonian Multigraphs

Integers ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shishuo Fu ◽  
James A. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Degree Sequences ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Positive Integers

Abstract.Recently, Gu, Lai and Liang proved necessary and sufficient conditions for a given sequence of positive integerswhere

On a certain kind of reducible rational fractions

1980 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-328
Author(s):  
Mordechai Lewin
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Rational Fraction ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Positive Coefficients ◽  
Positive Integers ◽  
Exact Positions

The rational fractiona, c, p, q positive integers, reduces to a polynomial under conditions specified in a result of Grosswald who also stated necessary and sufficient conditions for all the coefficients to tie nonnegative.This last result is given a different proof using lemmas interesting in themselves.The method of proof is used in order to give necessary and sufficient conditions for the positive coefficients to be equal to one. For a < 2pq, a = αp + βq, α, β nonnegative integers, c > 1, the exact positions of the nonzero coefficients are established. Also a necessary and sufficient condition for the number of vanishing coefficients to be minimal is given.

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