scholarly journals Seeing the forest and the trees: Disentangling autism phenotypes in the age of DSM-5

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fred R. Volkmar ◽  
Marc Woodbury-Smith ◽  
Suzanne L. Macari ◽  
Roald A. Øien
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Broader Autism Phenotype ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Intellectual Deficiency ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Early Infantile Autism ◽  
Leo Kanner

Abstract This paper, written in honor of Professor Ed Zigler, focuses on some of the themes in developmental disabilities research that were so central to his work. It has now been nearly 80 years since Leo Kanner first identified the prototypic form – early infantile autism – of what is now autism spectrum disorder. In this article we summarize the development of the concept and the important accumulation of knowledge over time that has now led us to the recognition of a broader autism phenotype just as, at the same time, the current official diagnostic system in the USA has narrowed the concept. We also address current controversies regarding autism as the diagnosis is impacted by age and developmental factors, gender, and cultural issues. In parallel to the work on intellectual deficiency and development pioneered by Zigler and his colleagues, we summarize some of the challenges for the years ahead.

scholarly journals Diachronic Tendency and Thinking Style Across the Broader Autism Spectrum: Sources of Individual Differences?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stian Orm ◽  
Ella Holt Holmberg ◽  
Paul L. Harris ◽  
Maria Nunez ◽  
Francisco Pons
Keyword(s):  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Broader Autism Phenotype ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Autism Spectrum Quotient ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Thinking Style ◽  
Mental Images ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
Future Events

Abstract Objectives First, to see whether previous studies showing a limited capacity to spontaneously evoke the past and the future of a present moment (diachronic tendency) and a prevalence of mental images over inner speech (thinking style) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder could be replicated in individuals belonging to the broader autism phenotype. Second, to test the hypothesis that individuals thinking with mental images have a more limited diachronic tendency compared with individuals thinking with inner speech. Methods Adults (N = 309, Mage = 31.5 years, 76% women) with at least a high school degree were assessed with the Autism Spectrum Quotient, a test of diachronic tendency comprising four pictures varying in social interactivity and dynamicity, and a thinking style scale comprising three items representing three different everyday situations. Results The results showed that adults with many autistic traits have a limited diachronic tendency but only when the situation is socially interactive and dynamic, think more in mental images than individuals with no or few autistic traits but nevertheless still think more with inner speech than with mental images, and the more the participants reported thinking in inner speech, the more they evoked past and future events when describing a socially interactive and dynamic situation. Conclusions More autistic traits are associated with a limited diachronic tendency in socially interactive and dynamic situations and more thinking in mental images, and thinking style could be one of the determinants of diachronic tendency in socially interactive and dynamic situations.

scholarly journals Correction to: Identifying Subgroups of Toddlers with DSM‑5 Autism Spectrum Disorder Based on Core Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly K. Harris ◽  
Collin Lee ◽  
Georgios D. Sideridis ◽  
William J. Barbaresi ◽  
Elizabeth Harstad
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Core Symptoms

Autism in flux: a history of the concept from Leo Kanner to DSM-5

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berend Verhoeff
Keyword(s):  
Dsm 5 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Leo Kanner

scholarly journals Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

The article introduces the modern understanding of intellectual disability as a diagnostic category. It is based on the description of the structure, recommended for professional use in the USA. The necessity of intellect testing in individuals with autism spectrum disorders is discussed alongside with its place among other diagnostic measures

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document