The possible relevance of psychopathic personality traits for treatment perceptions among Swedish offenders with mental health problems and substance use problems

This article reports a comparison on outcomes of 26-year-old males who were defined several years ago in the Dunedin longitudinal study as exhibiting childhood-onset versus adolescent-onset antisocial behavior and who were indistinguishable on delinquent offending in adolescence. Previous studies of these groups in childhood and adolescence showed that childhood-onset delinquents had inadequate parenting, neurocognitive problems, undercontrolled temperament, severe hyperactivity, psychopathic personality traits, and violent behavior. Adolescent-onset delinquents were not distinguished by these features. Here followed to age 26 years, the childhood-onset delinquents were the most elevated on psychopathic personality traits, mental-health problems, substance dependence, numbers of children, financial problems, work problems, and drug-related and violent crime, including violence against women and children. The adolescent-onset delinquents at 26 years were less extreme but elevated on impulsive personality traits, mental-health problems, substance dependence, financial problems, and property offenses. A third group of men who had been aggressive as children but not very delinquent as adolescents emerged as low-level chronic offenders who were anxious, depressed, socially isolated, and had financial and work problems. These findings support the theory of life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial behavior but also extend it. Findings recommend intervention with all aggressive children and with all delinquent adolescents, to prevent a variety of maladjustments in adult life.

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Mental health problems among clients with substance use problems: a nationwide time-trend study

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/s00127-019-01753-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 507-516

Author(s):

Kristiina Kuussaari ◽

Karoliina Karjalainen ◽

Solja Niemelä

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Time Trend ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Health Problems ◽

Trend Study ◽

Substance Use Problems

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Offenders with mental health problems and problematic substance use: Affective psychopathic personality traits as potential barriers to participation in substance abuse interventions

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment ◽

10.1016/j.jsat.2014.01.002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 574-583 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Natalie Durbeej ◽

Tom Palmstierna ◽

Anne H. Berman ◽

Marianne Kristiansson ◽

Clara Hellner Gumpert

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Abuse ◽

Substance Use ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Psychopathic Personality ◽

Barriers To Participation ◽

Potential Barriers ◽

Problematic Substance Use ◽

Problematic Substance

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Tennessee’s Youth in Juvenile Justice Facilities

Californian Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.32398/cjhp.v3i2.1772 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 144-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Louise Barnes ◽

Deborah Bennett ◽

Charlotte Bryson ◽

Sita Diehl ◽

Trish Hayes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Abuse ◽

Substance Use ◽

Juvenile Justice ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Health Problems ◽

Substance Use Problems ◽

The One

In order to assess the prevalence of mental health and substance abuse among youth in one state’s juvenile justice facilities, a survey was conducted of 40 Tennessee facilities. A total of 1215 youth were being held on the “one day census” that was taken as part of the survey. The survey documented many mental health and substance abuse issues: 1) 53 percent of the youth in juvenile justice facilities were experiencing mental health problems; 2) 15 percent were taking some type of psychiatric medicine while in the juvenile justice facility; 3) 42 percent were known to have substance abuse problems; and 4) 30 percent had co-occurring mental health and substance use problems. Policy and program recommendations based on these findings are discussed.

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Mental health, substance use and viral load suppression in adolescents receiving ART at a large paediatric HIV clinic in South Africa

10.1101/2020.07.06.20147298 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Andreas D. Haas ◽

Karl-Günter Technau ◽

Shenaaz Pahad ◽

Kate Braithwaite ◽

Mampho Madzivhandila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Viral Load ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Health Problems ◽

Viral Load Suppression ◽

Middle Income ◽

Paediatric Hiv ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Substance Use Problems

AbstractIntroductionThere are few data on the prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries and the evidence on associations between mental health problems and viral load suppression is inconsistent. We assessed the prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at a large paediatric HIV clinic in South Africa and examined associations between mental health problems and viral load suppression.MethodsWe implemented routine mental health screening at Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital in Johannesburg. Adolescents aged 10-19 years were offered screening for depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]), suicide (Adolescent Innovations Project [AIP]-handbook), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7]), trauma (Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 [PC-PTSD-5]), and substance use (CAGE Adapted to Include Drugs [CAGE-AID]) at each routine HIV care visits. We assessed screening outcomes between February 1, 2018, and January 1, 2020 and calculated odds ratios for associations between positive screening outcomes and unsuppressed viral load (>400 HIV-RNA copies/ml).ResultsOut of 1,203 adolescents who attended the clinic, 1,088 (90.4%) were screened at a median age of 13 years (IQR 10-15). In total, 97 (8.9%) screened positive: 48 (4.4%) for depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10), 29 (2.8%) for suicidal concern, 24 (2.2%) for anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 10), 38 (3.2%) for trauma (PC-PTSD-5 ≥ 3), and 18 (1.7%) for substance use (CAGE-AID ≥ 2). Positive screening for depression (aOR 2.39, 95% CI 1.02-5.62), trauma (aOR 3.18, 95% CI 1.11-9.07), substance use (aOR 7.13, 95% CI 1.60-31.86), or any mental health condition (aOR 2.17, 95% CI 1.17-4.02) were strongly associated with unsuppressed viral load.ConclusionsHIV-positive adolescents who are affected by mental health or substance use problems are a highly vulnerable population, who merit specific clinical attention. Strategies for screening and management of mental health and substance use problems in adolescents on ART in low- and middle-income countries need to be developed and evaluated.

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