Soft-bodied fossils from a Silurian volcaniclastic deposit

Nature ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 382 (6588) ◽  
pp. 248-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek E. G. Briggs ◽  
David J. Siveter ◽  
Derek J. Siveter
Keyword(s):  
Volcaniclastic Deposit

Relevance of the Chiancone volcaniclastic deposit in the recent history of Etna Volcano (Italy)

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 239-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Calvari ◽  
Gianluca Groppelli
Keyword(s):  
Recent History ◽  
Etna Volcano ◽  
Volcaniclastic Deposit ◽  
History Of

Volcaniclastic deposit (tonstein) in the Balcomie Beds, Lower Carboniferous, East Fife

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. sjg2020-019
Author(s):  
Richard A. Batchelor
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Early Carboniferous ◽  
Magma Source ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Alkaline Magma ◽  
Volcaniclastic Deposit

A volcanogenic clay bed (tonstein) has been identified in the Balcomie Beds of the Inverclyde Group near Crail, East Fife. Its chemical composition suggests an undersaturated alkaline magma source. This horizon may be contemporaneous with the early Carboniferous Garleton Hills trachytic lavas of East Lothian (346 Ma). This would make it the earliest expression of Carboniferous volcanism preserved in Fife, and also the earliest occurrence of a tonstein in Fife.

scholarly journals Morphological Changes of Anak Krakatau after the 22 December 2018 Flank Collapsed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herlan Darmawan ◽  
Suratman Worosuprojo ◽  
Wahyudi Wahyudi ◽  
Agung Harijoko ◽  
Haryo Edi Wibowo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Crater Lake ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The West ◽  
Eruption Style ◽  
Flank Collapse ◽  
The North ◽  
Active Crater ◽  
Volcaniclastic Deposit ◽  
Effusive Eruptions

Abstract After the 22 December 2018 flank collapse, series of hydrothermal, phreatomagmatic, and effusive eruptions occurred and changed the morphology of Anak Krakatau. The ejected volcanic materials enlarge and increase the elevation of the west flank, which may indicate a reconstruction phase of the Anak Krakatau edifice. Here, we investigated the morphological changes of Anak Krakatau between 2019 and 2020 by using drone SfM photogrammetry, Sentinel and Pleiades satellite imageries, and fieldworks photograph data. The result shows volcaniclastic deposit due to the hydrothermal and/or phreatomagmatic eruptions that covered 0.08 km2 around an active crater lake at Anak Krakatau between February and January 2020. The large phreatomagmatic and effusive eruptions on 10 April 2020 produced tephra and lava flow deposits that significantly changed the morphology of Anak Krakatau. The deposit of tephra covered 0.815 km2 at the north – northwest flanks of Anak Krakatau, while the lava flow emplaced 0.2 km2 and elongated around 742 m from the pre-existing crater lake to the west shoreline of Anak Krakatau. The lava flow has a blocky surface and highly fractured that possibly formed due to compression – extension stresses during lava flow emplacement. The emplacement of the massive lava flow at the pre-existing crater lake may change the future eruption style at Anak Krakatau, which was previously dominated by hydrovolcanism activities, such as hydrothermal and phreatomagmatic events.

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