scholarly journals Superficial layer pyramidal cells communicate heterogeneously between multiple functional domains of cat primary visual cortex

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevan A. C. Martin ◽  
Stephan Roth ◽  
Elisha S. Rusch
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Functional Domains

scholarly journals A biological blueprint for the axons of superficial layer pyramidal cells in cat primary visual cortex

2017 ◽  
Vol 222 (8) ◽  
pp. 3407-3430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevan A. C. Martin ◽  
Stephan Roth ◽  
Elisha S. Rusch
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Superficial Layer

scholarly journals Functional selectivity and specific connectivity of inhibitory neurons in primary visual cortex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Znamenskiy ◽  
Mean-Hwan Kim ◽  
Dylan R. Muir ◽  
Maria Florencia Iacaruso ◽  
Sonja B. Hofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Excitatory Neurons ◽  
Strong Excitation

In the cerebral cortex, the interaction of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs shapes the responses of neurons to sensory stimuli, stabilizes network dynamics1 and improves the efficiency and robustness of the neural code2–4. Excitatory neurons receive inhibitory inputs that track excitation5–8. However, how this co-tuning of excitation and inhibition is achieved by cortical circuits is unclear, since inhibitory interneurons are thought to pool the inputs of nearby excitatory cells and provide them with non-specific inhibition proportional to the activity of the local network9–13. Here we show that although parvalbumin-expressing (PV) inhibitory cells in mouse primary visual cortex make connections with the majority of nearby pyramidal cells, the strength of their synaptic connections is structured according to the similarity of the cells’ responses. Individual PV cells strongly inhibit those pyramidal cells that provide them with strong excitation and share their visual selectivity. This fine-tuning of synaptic weights supports co-tuning of inhibitory and excitatory inputs onto individual pyramidal cells despite dense connectivity between inhibitory and excitatory neurons. Our results indicate that individual PV cells are preferentially integrated into subnetworks of inter-connected, co-tuned pyramidal cells, stabilising their recurrent dynamics. Conversely, weak but dense inhibitory connectivity between subnetworks is sufficient to support competition between them, de-correlating their output. We suggest that the history and structure of correlated firing adjusts the weights of both inhibitory and excitatory connections, supporting stable amplification and selective recruitment of cortical subnetworks.

1727 Roles of horizontal connection in superficial layer of the kitten primary visual cortex studied in in vivo and in vitro preparation

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. S200
Author(s):  
Yumiko Yoshimura ◽  
Hiromichi Sato ◽  
Kazuyuki Imamura ◽  
Yasuyoshi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Horizontal Connection

Expression of GABAAReceptor Subunit mRNAs by Layer V Pyramidal Cells of the Rat Primary Visual Cortex

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Ruano ◽  
David Perrais ◽  
Jean Rosier ◽  
Nicole Ropert
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Layer V

scholarly journals Opposing forms of adaptation in mouse visual cortex are controlled by distinct inhibitory microcircuits and gated by locomotion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan G. Heintz ◽  
Antonio J. Hinojosa ◽  
Leon Lagnado
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
External World ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Cortical Processing ◽  
Locomotor Behaviour ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex

SummaryCortical processing of sensory signals adjusts to changes in both the external world and the internal state of the animal. We investigated the neural circuitry by which these processes interact in the primary visual cortex of mice. An increase in contrast caused as many pyramidal cells (PCs) to sensitize as depress, reflecting the dynamics of adaptation in different types of interneuron (PV, SST and VIP). Optogenetic manipulations demonstrate that the net effect within PCs reflects the balance of PV inputs, driving depression, and a subset of SST interneurons, driving sensitization. Locomotor behaviour increased the gain of PC responses by disinhibition through both the VIP->SST and SST->PV pathways, thereby maintaining the balance between opposing forms of plasticity. These experiments reveal how inhibitory microcircuits interact to purpose different subsets of PCs for the signalling of increases or decreases in contrast while also allowing for behavioural control of gain across the population.

scholarly journals Functional Organization for Color Appearance Mechanisms in Primary Visual Cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peichao Li ◽  
Anupam K. Garg ◽  
Li A. Zhang ◽  
Mohammad S. Rashid ◽  
Edward M. Callaway
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Color Perception ◽  
Color Appearance ◽  
Functional Domains ◽  
Intrinsic Signal ◽  
Color Opponency ◽  
Psychophysical Studies

AbstractStudies of color perception have led to mechanistic models of how signals from cone-opponent retinal ganglion cells are integrated to generate color appearance. But it is not known where or how these hypothesized mechanisms occur in the brain. Here we show that cone opponent signals transmitted from the retina to primary visual cortex (V1) are integrated through highly organized circuits within V1 to generate the color opponent mechanisms that underlie color appearance. Combining intrinsic signal optical imaging (ISI) and 2-photon calcium imaging (2PCI) at single cell resolution, we demonstrate cone-opponent functional domains (COFDs) that combine L/M cone-opponent and S/L+M cone-opponent signals in precisely the combinations predicted from psychophysical studies of color perception. These give rise to an orderly organization of hue preferences of the neurons within the COFDs and the generation of hue “pinwheels”. COFDs occupy regions corresponding to both high and low cytochrome oxidase intensity (“blobs” and “interblobs”) but have a bias toward blobs. Thus, neural circuits in the primary visual cortex establish the boundary conditions for color opponency and unique hues.One Sentence SummaryCone-opponent functional domains generate color opponent functional architecture in primary visual cortex.

Comparison of Orientational Tuning and Its Dynamics in Neurons in Different Functional Domains of the Primary Visual Cortex

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-499
Author(s):  
N. A. Lazareva ◽  
S. A. Kozhukhov ◽  
R. S. Ivanov ◽  
R. V. Novikova ◽  
A. S. Tikhomirov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Functional Domains ◽  
Orientational Tuning
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